Iphepha, iWikipedia ilichaza njengendwangu engalukiwe eyenziwe ngemicu yezitshalo engagoqwa ngokuthanda kwayo ukuze ibhalwe.
Umlando wephepha umlando wempucuko yomuntu. Kusukela ekuveleni kwephepha e-Western Han Dynasty, kuya ekuthuthukisweni kokwenziwa kwamaphepha ngu-Cai Lun eMpumalanga Han Dynasty, futhi manje, iphepha aliseyona nje into ephathwayo yokubhala, kodwa lingasetshenziselwa ezinye izinjongo ezifana nokuphrinta, ukupakishwa, imboni, kanye nempilo.
Kulolu shicilelo, ake sibheke amaphuzu abalulekile wokuhlola/ukuhlola kanye nezinqumo ezivamile zamaphutha emikhiqizweni yephepha.
Ububanzi besicelo
Imikhiqizo lapho lo mhlahlandlela usebenza khona ihlanganisa: iphepha lezamasiko, iphepha lezobuchwepheshe lezimboni nezolimo, iphepha lokupakisha kanye nephepha lasendlini. Iphepha lezwe lami elivela kwamanye amazwe liyiphepha lezamasiko ikakhulukazi (umbhalo wezindaba, iphepha elimboziwe, i-offset paper, iphepha lokubhala) kanye nephepha lokupakisha (ikhadibhodi le-kraft, amakhadibhodi amhlophe, isisekelo sephepha likathayela, amakhadibhodi amhlophe, i-cellophane, njll.).
02 Ukugxila ekuhloleni
| Ukubukeka
Ukubukeka kwephepha kuyisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni izinga lephepha. Akuthinti nje ukubonakala kwephepha, kodwa ezinye iziphambeko zokubukeka nazo zithinta ukusetshenziswa kwephepha.
Umhlahlandlela Ojwayelekile Wokuhlola Imikhiqizo Yephepha
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yephepha ngokuyinhloko kusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola ubuso nobuso, ukuhlola okuyisicaba, ukuhlola ama-squint kanye nokuhlola ukuthinta ngesandla. Ubuso bephepha budingeka ukuba bube buyisicaba futhi buhlanzeke, futhi akukho ukugoqa, imibimbi, umonakalo, amabhlogo aqinile, amabala adlulisa ukukhanya, amabala esikali sezinhlanzi, i-chromatic aberration, amabala ahlukahlukene kanye nezimpawu zoboya ezisobala ezivunyelwe. Qaphela: Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yokubukeka kwephepha elingenisiwe kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko ze-ZBY32033-90.
| Izakhiwo Zomzimba
Iphuzu elibalulekile: Izidingo zephepha ezihlukene zihlukile ngokuya ngezigaba
I-Newsprint: I-Newsprint idinga ukuthi iphepha lithambile futhi licindezeleke, futhi indawo yephepha kufanele ibe ne-absorbency enkulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyinki yokunyathelisa ungakwazi ukoma ngokushesha ngesikhathi inqubo yokunyathelisa. Kudingeka ukuthi izinhlangothi ezimbili zephepha zibushelelezi, ukushuba kuhambisane, ukufiphala kuhle, ukuphrinta akunamalitha, akunamathiseli ipuleti, iphethini icacile, futhi akukho sici sombono. Ephepheni eligoqayo, iziphetho ezimbili zomqulu zidingeka ukuba zibe nokucinana okufanayo, amalunga ambalwa, namandla amahle okuqina, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokunyathelisa zemishini yokunyathelisa ye-rotary enesivinini esikhulu.
Izidingo zekhwalithi zephepha elimboziwe: ubushelelezi. Ingaphezulu lephepha kufanele libe bushelelezi kakhulu, ukuze likwazi ukuxhumana ngokugcwele nobuso bepuleti yethusi yesikrini ngesikhathi sokunyathelisa, ukuze kutholwe amaphethini emigqa emincane emincane emincane emihle, engokoqobo futhi ejabulisa iso.
Iphepha lebhodi elimhlophe: Iphepha lebhodi elimhlophe ngokuvamile lidinga ukuthungwa okuqinile, indawo ebushelelezi, ukujiya okungaguquki, akukho lint endaweni yephepha, i-absorbency enhle kanye nezinga elincane lokunwebeka ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo zokuphrinta kwemibala eminingi. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokwenza ibhokisi, iphepha lebhodi elimhlophe kufanele libe nezici zokuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokugoqa okuqinile.
Ikhadibhodi ye-Kraft: Ikhadibhodi ye-Kraft iyikhadibhodi elisetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukupakisha kwangaphandle kwempahla, ngakho-ke ukuthungwa kwephepha kufanele kube nzima, futhi amandla aqhumayo, amandla okucindezela indandatho kanye neziqu zokudabula kufanele kube phezulu. Ukwengeza, kufanele kube nokuphikiswa kwamanzi okuphezulu, ukuze amandla angeke ancishiswe kakhulu ngenxa yobuningi bokumuncwa komswakama, okuholela ekulimaleni kwebhokisi ngesikhathi sokuthutha olwandle noma isitoreji esibandayo. Kufanele futhi ibe nokushelela okuthile kwekhadibhodi le-kraft elidinga ukusetshenziselwa ukuphrinta.
Iphepha lesisekelo likathayela: Iphepha lesisekelo eliboshiwe lidinga amandla amahle okubopha i-fiber, ingaphezulu lephepha elibushelelezi, nokuqina okuphezulu nokuqina. Kudingeka izinga elithile lokunwebeka ukuze kugcinwe amandla okuvikela ukushaqeka kanye nokumelana nokucindezela kwebhokisi elikhiqiziwe. Ngakho-ke, amandla aqhumayo namandla okucindezela indandatho (noma amandla okucindezela ayisicaba) yizinkomba eziyinhloko ezibonisa amandla ephepha lesisekelo likathayela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkomba yomswakama kufanele ilawulwe. Uma okuqukethwe komswakama kukuncane kakhulu, iphepha liyoba brittle, futhi ukuqhekeka kuzokwenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokubola. Amanzi amaningi kakhulu azoletha ubunzima ekucutshungulweni. Ngokuvamile, umswakama kufanele ube ngu-10%.
I-Cellophane: I-Cellophane iyabonakala ngombala, ikhanya ngephepha, iyunifomu ngokuqina, ithambile futhi iyanwebeka. Izokhukhumala futhi ibe thambile ngemva kokucwiliswa emanzini, futhi inciphe ngokwemvelo ngemva kokoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuhlelwa okufanayo kwama-microcrystals e-cellulose ekuqondeni kwe-longitudinal, amandla e-longitudinal ephepha makhulu, futhi isiqondiso esiphambene sincane, futhi uma kukhona ukuqhekeka, kuzophulwa ngamandla amancane kakhulu. I-Cellophane inezici zokungafinyeleli, ukungakwazi ukungena kwamafutha kanye nokungangeni kwamanzi.
Iphepha lokuphrinta le-offset: Iphepha le-offset lisetshenziselwa ukuphrinta okunemibala eminingi. Ngaphezu kokudinga ubumhlophe obuhle nothuli oluncane, inezidingo eziphakeme zokuqina kwephepha, amandla aqinile kanye nokubekezela okugoqa. Ngesikhathi sokuphrinta, ingaphezulu lephepha alichithi i-lint, impushana, noma liphrinte. Inezidingo ezifanayo nephepha eliboshwe.
03
Incazelo yesici nokwahlulela
| Sales Packaging
Ukugxila: Izindlela zokupakisha nezindlela zokupakisha
Amaphutha namazinga wokwahlulela ahlobene nokuthengiswa nokupakishwa kwemikhiqizo yephepha ami kanje:
Incazelo yesici ibulala ukupakishwa komkhiqizo omncane ngendlela engafanele /*/
| Ukulebula/Ukumaka/Ukuphrinta
Okugxilwe kukho: Amalebula, ukuphrinta amaphakheji okuthengisa nemikhiqizo
Incazelo Yesici I-Fatal Serious Minor Product imakethwa e-Europe nase-US: Alukho ulwazi lwesithako *// Umkhiqizo omakethwa e-US: Alikho izwe lolwazi lwemvelaphi *// Umkhiqizo omakethwa e-US: Alikho igama lomkhiqizi/inombolo yokubhalisa* //
| Inqubo yokukhiqiza
Iphuzu eliyisihluthulelo: Ukuthi ngabe iphepha eliqeqeshiwe lonakele, njll.
Amaphutha kanye nenqubo yokwahlulela ehlobene nenqubo yokukhiqiza imi kanje:
Incazelo Yesici Okuyingozi Kakhulu Ukulimala Kwephepha Okubi Kakhulu njll./*/amabala/**izimbobo/izimbobo/*/ukugoqeka/imibimbi/**amaphuka/*/iziklebhu/*/amakhona agoqiwe/**amabala angcolile/**i-seersucker /** I-Pulp blocks namanye amabhlogo aqinile/**
| Ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo wangemuva kokucindezela
Ukugxila: Amabala omkhiqizo wangemuva kokuphrinta, imibimbi, njll.
Amaphutha namazinga wokwahlulela ahlobene nemikhiqizo yangemuva kokucindezela ami kanje:
Incazelo yesici ibulala kakhulu encane enamabala /**eshwabene/**i-carbureted namanzi/**ikhasi eliphukile*//ikhasi elincane*//
| Ukubukeka
Amaphuzu abalulekile: Ukubukeka kwezimpawu zoboya, njll.
Amaphutha ahlobene nokubukeka kanye nemibandela yokwahlulela imi kanje:
Incazelo Yesici Izimpawu Ezizwakalayo Ezibulala Kakhulu Kakhulu/**Izimpawu Zethunzi Zokugoqa Usofa/**Ukucwebezela Kwemibala/**
04
Ukuhlola khona lapho
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo yephepha, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kwendawo kuyadingeka:
| Ukuhlolwa kwesisindo somkhiqizo
Umhlahlandlela Ojwayelekile Wokuhlola Imikhiqizo Yephepha
Iphuzu elibalulekile: isisindo segram sihlola ukuthi isisindo segram sanele yini
Ubuningi Bokuhlola: Okungenani amasampuli ama-3 wesitayela ngasinye.
Izidingo zokuhlola: Kala umkhiqizo bese urekhoda idatha yangempela; hlola ngokwezidingo zesisindo ezinikeziwe noma ulwazi lwesisindo nokubekezelela izinto zokupakisha zomkhiqizo.
| Ukuhlola Ukuqina Kwephepha
Iphuzu elingukhiye: Ukuthi ukujiya kuyahlangabezana yini nezidingo
Ubuningi Bokuhlola: Okungenani amasampuli ama-3 ngesitayela ngasinye.
Izidingo zokuhlola: yenza izilinganiso zokujiya komkhiqizo futhi urekhode idatha yangempela; hlola ngokuya ngezidingo zokujiya ezinikeziwe noma ulwazi lokujiya nokubekezelela izinto zokupakisha zomkhiqizo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-04-2022