Iphepha, iWikipedia ilichaza njengento engalukiwe eyenziwe ngemicu yezitshalo engagoqwa ngokuthanda kwayo futhi isetshenziselwe ukubhala.
Umlando wephepha umlando wempucuko yomuntu. Kusukela ekuveleni kwephepha ku-Western Han Dynasty kuya kubuchwepheshe bokwenza iphepha obuthuthukisiwe be-Cai Lun e-Eastern Han Dynasty, futhi manje, iphepha aliseyona nje into ephathwayo yokubhala, kodwa lingasetshenziselwa ezinye izinjongo ezifana nokuphrinta, ukupakisha, imboni. , kanye nempilo yansuku zonke.
01 Ububanzi besicelo
Imikhiqizo esebenzayo ihlanganisa: iphepha lamasiko, iphepha lezobuchwepheshe lezimboni nezolimo, iphepha lokupakisha kanye nephepha lasendlini.
iphepha lezwe lami elivela kwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi lihlanganisa iphepha lamasiko (iphephandaba, iphepha eliboshwe, i-offset paper, iphepha lokubhala) kanye nephepha lokupakisha (iphepha le-kraft, iphepha elimhlophe lebhodi, iphepha eliwuthayela, amakhadibhodi amhlophe, i-cellophane, njll.).
02 Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okuhlola
Ukubukeka
Ukugxila: Ukubukeka
Bushelelezi, buhlanzekile, njll.
Ukubukeka kwephepha kuyisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni ikhwalithi yephepha. Akuthinti nje ubuhle bephepha, kodwa ezinye iziphambeko zokubukeka zizophinde zithinte ukusetshenziswa kwephepha.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yokubukeka kwephepha ikakhulukazi kusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kokukhanya, ukuhlola ukukhanya okuyisicaba, ukuhlola ama-squint kanye nokuhlola izandla. Ingaphezulu lephepha liyadingeka ukuze libe bushelelezi futhi lihlanzeke, futhi akukho ukugoqa, imibimbi, umonakalo, amabhlogo aqinile, amabala adlulisa ukukhanya, amabala esikali sezinhlanzi, umehluko wemibala, amabala ahlukahlukene kanye nezimpawu ezizwakalayo ezisobala ezivunyelwe.
Qaphela: Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yokubukeka kwephepha elingenisiwe kwenziwa ngokuhambisana ne-ZBY32033-90.
Izici ezingokomzimba
Ukugxila: ngokuhlukanisa
Amaphepha ahlukene anezidingo ezahlukene
I-Newsprint: I-Newsprint idinga iphepha elithambile nelicindezelayo, futhi indawo yephepha kufanele imunce kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyinki yokunyathelisa ungakwazi ukoma ngokushesha ngesikhathi inqubo yokunyathelisa. Iphepha liyadingeka ukuthi libe bushelelezi ezinhlangothini zombili, lingaguquguquki ngokuqina, libe nokungafihli kahle, alikho i-lint noma smear ngesikhathi sokuphrinta, amaphethini acacile, futhi angabikho amaphutha okubuka. Iphepha eligoqayo lidinga ukucinana okungaguquki kuzo zombili iziphetho zomqulu, amalunga ambalwa, namandla amahle okuqina ukuze livumelane nezidingo zokuphrinta zemishini yokuphrinta ye-rotary enesivinini esikhulu.
Izidingo zekhwalithi zephepha elimboziwe: ubushelelezi. Ingaphezulu lephepha kufanele libe bushelelezi kakhulu ukuze likwazi ukuxhumana ngokuphelele nobuso bepuleti lethusi lesikrini ngesikhathi sokuphrinta, ngaleyo ndlela lithole iphethini yomugqa othambile futhi ocacile onomumo ongokoqobo kanye nokukhanya okujabulisayo.
Iphepha lebhodi elimhlophe: Iphepha lebhodi elimhlophe ngokuvamile lidinga ukuthungwa okuqinile, indawo ebushelelezi, ukujiya okungaguquki, ingaphezulu lephepha elingena-lint, i-absorbency enhle kanye nezinga elincane lokunweba ukuze livumelane nezidingo zokuphrinta kwemibala eminingi. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokwenza ibhokisi, iphepha lebhodi elimhlophe kufanele libe nezici zokuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokugoqa okuqinile.
Iphepha le-Kraft: Iphepha le-Kraft liyikhadibhodi elisetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukupakishwa komkhiqizo, ngakho-ke ukuthungwa kwephepha kufanele kube nzima, kunamandla aqhuma phezulu, amandla okuchoboza indandatho namandla okudabula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube nokuphikiswa kwamanzi okuphezulu ukuze ngesikhathi sokuthutha olwandle noma isitoreji esibandayo, amandla angeke ancishiswe kakhulu ngenxa yokumuncwa okuningi komswakama, okuholela ekulimaleni kwebhokisi. Iphepha le-kraft elidinga ukusetshenziselwa ukuphrinta kufanele libe nokushelela okuthile.
Iphepha lesisekelo likathayela: Iphepha lesisekelo eliboshiwe lidinga amandla amahle okubopha i-fiber, ingaphezulu lephepha elibushelelezi, nokuqina okuphezulu nokuqina. Kudingeka izinga elithile lokunwebeka ukuze kugcinwe amandla okuvikela ukushaqeka kanye nokumelana nokucindezela kwamabhokisi enziwe. Ngakho-ke, amandla aqhumayo namandla okuchotshozwa kwendandatho (noma amandla okuchoboza okuyisicaba) yizinkomba eziyinhloko ezibonisa amandla ephepha lesisekelo likathayela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkomba yomswakama nayo kufanele ilawulwe. Uma okuqukethwe komswakama kukuncane kakhulu, iphepha lizoba brittle futhi lingase liphuke ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kukathayela. Umswakama owedlulele uzodala ubunzima ekusebenzeni. Ngokuvamile, umswakama kufanele ube ngu-10%.
I-Cellophane: I-Cellophane isobala ngombala, ikhanya ngokuphezulu, iyunifomu ngokuqina, ithambile futhi iyanwebeka. Izokhukhumala futhi ibe thambile ngemva kokucwiliswa emanzini, futhi izoshwabana ngokwemvelo ngemva kokoma. Imunca kakhulu amanzi futhi ijwayele ukuba nemibimbi ngisho nokunamathela uma ibekwe emswakameni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuhlelwa okuhambisanayo kwama-microcrystals e-cellulose ekuqondeni kwe-longitudinal, amandla e-longitudinal ephepha makhulu futhi isiqondiso esiphambene sincane. Uma kunemifantu, izophuka ngaphansi kwamandla amancane. I-Cellophane ayinawo umoya, ayifaki uwoyela futhi ayinamanzi.
Iphepha lokuphrinta le-offset: Iphepha le-offset lisetshenziselwa ukuphrinta okunemibala eminingi. Ngokungeziwe ekubeni mhlophe okuhle nothuli oluncane, futhi inezidingo eziphezulu zokuqina kwephepha, amandla aqinile, nokumelana nokugoqa. Ngesikhathi sokuphrinta, ingaphezulu lephepha alichithi i-lint, impushana, noma ukuphrinta. Izidingo ziyafana nalezo zephepha elimboziwe.
03Incazelo yephutha nokwahlulela
| Ukupakishwa kokuthengisa
Ukugxila: ukupakisha
Ukupakisha
Amaphutha kanye nenqubo yokwahlulela ehlobene nokupakishwa kokuthengiswa komkhiqizo wephepha imi kanje:
| Incazelo yesici | Okubucayi | Okukhulu | Okuncane |
| Ukupakishwa komkhiqizo okungalungile | / | * | / |
| Ukulebula/Isichasiselo/Ukuphrinta
Ukugxila: amalebula, ukuphrinta
Okuhlosiwe kokupakishwa kokuthengisa kanye nemikhiqizo
| Incazelo yesici | Okubucayi | Okukhulu | Okuncane |
| Imikhiqizo imakethwa eYurophu nase-United States: Alukho ulwazi lwesithako | * | / | / |
| Imikhiqizo imakethwa e-United States: Alikho izwe lemvelaphi yolwazi | * | / | / |
| Imikhiqizo imakethwa e-United States: Alikho igama lomkhiqizi/inombolo yokubhalisa | * | / | / |
| Izinqubo zokukhiqiza
Gxila: Ingabe ifanelekile?
Iphepha elilimele, njll.
Amaphutha kanye nenqubo yokwahlulela ehlobene nenqubo yokukhiqiza imi kanje:
| Incazelo yesici | Okubucayi | Okukhulu | Okuncane |
| Iphepha elilimele, njll. | / | * | / |
| indawo | / | * | * |
| imigodi/imigodi | / | * | / |
| imibimbi/ imibimbi | / | * | * |
| Phula ibhange | / | * | / |
| igebe | / | * | / |
| onendlebe yenja | / | * | * |
| Okungcolile | / | * | * |
| i-seersucker | / | * | * |
| I-Pulp blocks namanye amabhlogo aqinile | / | * | * |
| Ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo wangemuva kokucindezela
Ukugxila: Imikhiqizo yangemuva kokucindezela
Amabala, imibimbi, njll.
Amaphutha kanye nenqubo yokwahlulela ehlobene nemikhiqizo yangemuva kokuphrinta imi kanje:
| Incazelo yesici | Okubucayi | Okukhulu | Okuncane |
| piebald | / | * | * |
| Imibimbi | / | * | * |
| Amafutha amakhemikhali namanzi | / | * | * |
| Amakhasi aphukile | * | / | / |
| Amakhasi ambalwa | * | / | / |
Ingaphandle
Ukugxila: Ukubukeka
Amamaki azizwayo, njll.
Amaphutha ahlobene nokubukeka kanye nemibandela yokwahlulela imi kanje:
| Incazelo yesici | Okubucayi | Okukhulu | Okuncane |
| izimpawu zokuzwa | / | * | * |
| Roll izimpawu zethunzi | / | * | * |
| i-gloss streaks | / | * | * |
04 ukuhlolwa esizeni
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo yamaphepha, izivivinyo ezilandelayo zasendaweni ziyadingeka:
| Ukuhlolwa kwesisindo somkhiqizo
Ukugxila: ukuhlolwa kwesisindo
Ingabe isisindo sanele?
Ubuningi bokuhlola: okungenani amasampuli ama-3 wesitayela ngasinye.
Izidingo zokuhlola:
Kala imikhiqizo futhi urekhode idatha yangempela;
Hlola uqhathanisa nezidingo zesisindo ezinikeziwe noma ulwazi lwesisindo nokubekezelela kumpahla yokupakisha yomkhiqizo.
| Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwephepha
Ukugxila: Ukuqina
liyafinyelela imfuneko
Ubuningi bokuhlola: okungenani amasampuli ama-3 wesitayela ngasinye.
Izidingo zokuhlola:
Yenza izilinganiso zokuqina komkhiqizo futhi urekhode idatha yangempela;
Hlola ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokujiya ezinikeziwe noma ulwazi lokujiya nokubekezelela izinto zokupakisha zomkhiqizo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-23-2024