Ngaphambi kokuthenga isibani sedeski, ngaphezu kokucabangela ukucaciswa, imisebenzi, nezimo zokusetshenziswa, ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha, ungawuzibi uphawu lwesitifiketi ephaketheni langaphandle. Kodwa-ke, maningi kakhulu amamaki wokuqinisekisa izibani zetafula, asho ukuthini?
Njengamanje, cishe zonke izibani ze-LED ziyasetshenziswa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ama-light bulb noma amashubhu okukhanya. Esikhathini esedlule, okuningi okuvelayo kwe-LED kwakusemalambuni ezinkomba namarobhothi emikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, futhi kwakungavamile ukungena ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buye bakhula eminyakeni yamuva, kuye kwavela izibani zedeskithophu ze-LED nezibani, futhi izibani zasemgwaqweni nezibani zemoto ziye zashintshwa kancane kancane izibani ze-LED. Phakathi kwazo, izibani zedeskithophu ze-LED zinezici zokonga amandla, ukuqina, ukuphepha, ukulawula okuhlakaniphile, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Zinezinzuzo eziningi kunama-incandescent bulbs endabuko. Ngakho-ke, izibani eziningi zedeski emakethe okwamanje zisebenzisa izibani ze-LED.
Kodwa-ke, amalambu amaningi edeski emakethe akhangisa izici ezifana nokungacwayizi, okunqanda ukucwayiza, ukonga amandla, futhi akukho bungozi bokukhanya okwesibhakabhaka. Ingabe lezi ziyiqiniso noma amanga? Qiniseka ukuthi ugcine amehlo akho evulekile futhi ubheke isitifiketi selebula ukuze uthenge isibani sedeski esinekhwalithi eqinisekisiwe nokuphepha.
Mayelana ne-"Safety Standards for Lamps" mark:
Ukuze kuvikelwe amalungelo nezithakazelo zabathengi, indawo ezungezile, ukuphepha, nenhlanzeko, kanye nokuvimbela imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi ukuthi ingangeni emakethe, ohulumeni emazweni ahlukahlukene banezinhlelo zokulebula ezisekelwe emithethweni nasezindinganisweni zamazwe ngamazwe. Leli izinga lokuphepha eliyisibopho esifundeni ngasinye. Alikho izinga lokuphepha eliphasiswa izwe ngalinye. U-Zhang akakwazi ukungena endaweni ukuze adayise ngokusemthethweni. Ngalezi zibani ezijwayelekile, uzothola uphawu oluhambisanayo.
Mayelana namazinga okuphepha ezibani, amazwe anamagama nemithethonqubo ehlukene, kodwa imithethonqubo ngokuvamile imiswa ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ze-IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). E-EU, yi-CE, iJapane yi-PSE, i-United States yi-ETL, kanti e-China iyi-CCC (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-3C) isitifiketi.
I-CCC ibeka ukuthi imiphi imikhiqizo okudingeka ihlolwe, ngokuya ngokuthi yiziphi izicaciso zobuchwepheshe, izinqubo zokusetshenziswa, ukumakwa okuhlanganisiwe, njll. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi zitifiketi aziqinisekisi ikhwalithi, kodwa zingamalebula okuphepha ayisisekelo kakhulu. Lawa malebula amele isimemezelo somkhiqizi sokuthi imikhiqizo yakhe ithobela yonke imithetho efanele.
E-United States, i-UL (Underwriters Laboratories) iyinhlangano yangasese enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yokuhlola ukuphepha nokuhlonza. Izimele, ayiyona inzuzo, futhi ibeka amazinga okuphepha komphakathi. Lesi isitifiketi sokuzithandela, asiphoqelekile. Isitifiketi se-UL sinokuthenjwa okuphezulu kakhulu nokuqashelwa okuphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Abanye abathengi abanolwazi oluqinile lokuphepha komkhiqizo bazonaka ngokukhethekile ukuthi umkhiqizo unaso yini isitifiketi se-UL.
Amazinga mayelana ne-voltage:
Mayelana nokuphepha kukagesi kwezibani zedeski, izwe ngalinye linemithetho yalo. Edume kakhulu yi-EU LVD Low Voltage Directive, ehlose ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezibani zedeski uma zisetshenziswa. Lokhu futhi kusekelwe ezimisweni zobuchwepheshe ze-IEC.
Mayelana nezindinganiso eziphansi zokucwayiza:
"I-low flicker" ibhekisela ekunciphiseni umthwalo obangelwa ukucwayiza kwamehlo. I-Strobe imvamisa yokukhanya eshintsha phakathi kwemibala ehlukene nokukhanya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Eqinisweni, ezinye izinto ezilokozayo, njengezibani zezimoto zamaphoyisa nokungasebenzi kwezibani, singazibona ngokucacile; kodwa empeleni, amalambu edeski alokoza ngokungenakugwenywa, kuyindaba nje yokuthi umsebenzisi angazizwa yini. Izingozi ezingaba khona ezibangelwa i-high frequency flash zihlanganisa: i-photosensitive isithuthwane, ikhanda elibuhlungu nesicanucanu, ukukhathala kwamehlo, njll.
Ngokusho kwe-Intanethi, i-flicker ingahlolwa ngekhamera yeselula. Kodwa-ke, ngokwesitatimende se-Beijing National Electric Light Source Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, ikhamera yeselula ayikwazi ukuhlola ukucwayiza/i-stroboscopic yemikhiqizo ye-LED. Le ndlela akuyona eyesayensi.
Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubhekisela esitifiketini samazwe ngamazwe se-IEEE PAR 1789 low-flicker certification. Izibani zedeski ezicwebezelayo ezidlula izinga le-IEEE PAR 1789 yizona ezihamba phambili. Kunezinkomba ezimbili zokuhlola i-strobe: I-Percent Flicker (i-flicker ratio, i-value ephansi, engcono) kanye ne-Frequency (izinga lokucwayiza, ukuphakama kwevelu, okungcono, okungaqondakali kalula ngeso lomuntu). I-IEEE PAR 1789 inesethi yamafomula ukubala imvamisa. Ukuthi i-flash idala umonakalo, kuchazwa ukuthi i-frequency ephumayo yokukhanya idlula u-3125Hz, okuyileveli engeyona ingozi, futhi asikho isidingo sokuthola isilinganiso se-flash.
(Isibani esilinganisiwe sangempela sine-stroboscopic ephansi futhi asinangozi. Kuvela indawo emnyama esithombeni esingenhla, okusho ukuthi nakuba isibani singenayo ingozi ekhanyayo, siseduze nebanga eliyingozi. Esithombeni esingezansi, awekho amabala amnyama abonakalayo. nhlobo, okusho ukuthi isibani singaphakathi ngokuphelele kwebanga eliphephile le-strobe.)
Isitifiketi esimayelana nezingozi zokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwama-LED, indaba yezingozi zokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nayo ithole ukunakwa okukhulayo. Kunamazinga amabili afanelekile: I-IEC/EN 62471 kanye ne-IEC/TR 62778. I-IEC/EN 62471 ye-European Union iwuhlu olubanzi lokuhlolwa kwengozi ye-optical radiation futhi iyisidingo esiyisisekelo sesibani sedeski esiqeqeshiwe. I-IEC/TR 62778 ye-International Electrotechnical Commission igxile ekuhloleni ubungozi bokukhanya okuluhlaza kwezibani futhi ihlukanisa izingozi zokukhanya okuluhlaza kube ngamaqembu amane ukusuka ku-RG0 kuye ku-RG3:
RG0 - Abukho ubungozi be-photobiohazard lapho isikhathi sokuchayeka ku-retina sidlula imizuzwana eyi-10,000, futhi akukho malebula adingekayo.
RG1- Akweluleki ukubheka ngqo emthonjeni wokukhanya isikhathi eside, kufika kumasekhondi ayi-100~10,000. Akukho ukumakwa okudingekayo.
I-RG2-Ayifanele ukubheka ngqo emthonjeni wokukhanya, umkhawulo wamasekhondi angu-0.25~100. Izexwayiso kufanele zimakwe.
I-RG3-Ukubuka ngokuqondile umthombo wokukhanya ngisho nakafushane (<0.25 amasekhondi) kuyingozi futhi isexwayiso kufanele siboniswe.
Ngakho-ke, kuyanconywa ukuthi uthenge izibani zedeski ezithobela kokubili i-IEC/TR 62778-free-free and IEC/EN 62471.
Ilebula mayelana nokuphepha kwezinto ezibonakalayo
Ukuphepha kwezinto zesibani sedeski kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma izinto zokukhiqiza ziqukethe izinsimbi ezinzima ezifana nomthofu, i-cadmium, ne-mercury, kuzodala ukulimala emzimbeni womuntu. Igama eligcwele le-EU RoHS (2002/95/EC) lithi "Isiyalezo Sokuvinjelwa Nokukhawulelwa Kwezinto Eziyingozi Emikhiqizweni Kagesi kanye Nekagesi". Ivikela impilo yomuntu ngokukhawulela izinto eziyingozi emikhiqizweni futhi iqinisekise ukulahlwa kahle kwemfucuza ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo. . Kunconywa ukuthenga izibani zedeski ezidlula lo myalelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuhlanzeka kwezinto.
Amazinga emisebe kagesi
I-Electromagnetic fields (EMF) ingabangela isiyezi, ukuhlanza, i-leukemia ebuntwaneni, izimila eziyingozi zobuchopho kanye nezinye izifo emzimbeni womuntu, ezithinta kakhulu impilo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvikelwe ikhanda lomuntu kanye nomzimba womuntu ochayeke elambuni, izibani ezithunyelwa e-EU zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokuphoqelekile ukuze kuhlolwe i-EMF futhi kufanele zihambisane nezindinganiso ze-EN 62493 ezihambisanayo.
Uphawu lwesitifiketi samazwe ngamazwe luwukuvumela okungcono kakhulu. Akunandaba ukuthi zingaki izikhangiso ezithuthukisa imisebenzi yomkhiqizo, ngeke ziqhathaniswe nokwethembeka kanye nophawu lwesitifiketi olusemthethweni. Ngakho-ke, khetha imikhiqizo enamamaki esitifiketi samazwe ngamazwe ukuvimbela ukukhohliswa nokusetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele. Ukuthula kwengqondo okwengeziwe nempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-14-2024