ukuhlolwa kwejakhethi yokuphila

Ijakhethi yokuphila wuhlobo lwempahla yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE) egcina umuntu entanta lapho ewela emanzini. Ngokuphathelene nezici zobuchwepheshe zamajakhethi okuphila, kunezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemithetho kazwelonke. Amajakhethi okuphila avame ukubonakala amajakhethi empilo ayigwebu kanye namajakhethi empilo aphephethekayo. Yiziphi izindinganiso zokuhlola ama-life jackets? Ungalihlola kanjani ibhantshi lempilo eliphefumulayo?

01 indinganiso yokuhlola ibhantshi lokuphila

1. Izinga lokuhlola amajakhethi okuphila aphephethekayo

Thumela emazweni e-EU- Amajakhethi okuphila kufanele ahambisane ne-CE (noma i-ISO). Kunamazinga ama-3 esitifiketi, anqunywa ubuncane be-buoyancy obunikezwa i-lifejacket, evezwe ku-Newtons: 100N - yokuhamba emanzini avikelekile noma ukuhamba ngomkhumbi ogwini 150N - ukuhamba ngomkhumbi ogwini lolwandle 275N - ukuhamba ngomkhumbi olwandle kanye nokuphuma ngomkhumbi ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu e-United States. - Leli zinga likhishwe yi-United States Coast Guard (USCG). Amaleveli angu-2 esitifiketi ahlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ngokusekelwe ku-buoyancy encane, efana namazinga aseYurophu. Ileveli I: 150N yamajakhethi empilo aphephethekayo (100N wamajakhethi empilo egwebu). Ifanele zonke izinhlobo zokuhamba ngomkhumbi, kuhlanganise nezimo ezinzima kakhulu. Izinga II: 100N wamajakhethi empilo aphephethekayo (70N wamajakhethi empilo ayigwebu). Ifanele ukuhamba ngomkhumbi emanzini amaphakathi nezwe.

2.Izindinganiso zikazwelonke zokuhlola amabhantshi okuphila

I-GB/T 4303-2008 Ijakhethi yempilo yasolwandle GB/T 5869-2010 Life jacket isibani GB/T 32227-2015 Marine life jacket GB/T 32232-2015 Ijazi lempilo lezingane GB/T 36508-2018 Ibhantshi lempilo le-Aviation inflatable3 GB-2012 Marine Inflatable life jacket

Kuzo zonke izimo, ama-life jackets kufanele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zamanje zezwe okuthunyelwa kulo kanye nomsebenzi owenza kuwo.

NgoJulayi 13, 2022, kwakhululwa indinganiso eyimpoqo engu-GB 41731-2022 “Marine Inflatable Life Jackets” futhi izosetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni ngoFebhuwari 1, 2023.

02 Izidingo zokuhlola okubonakalayo zamajakhethi empilo aphefumulayo asolwandle 

1. Umbala wamajakhethi okuphila asolwandle aphefumulayo (okuzobizwa kamuva ngokuthi “amajakhethi okuphila”) kufanele ube nemibala ewolintshi-bomvu, osawolintshi-ophuzi noma imibala esobala.

2. Ijakhethi yokuphila kufanele ikwazi ukugqokwa nhlangothi zombili ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa. Uma ingagqokwa ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, kufanele ikhonjiswe ngokucacile ku-life jacket.

3. Ijakhethi yokuzivikela kufanele ivaleke ngokushesha futhi kalula kulowo oyigqokile futhi ifase ngokushesha nangendlela efanele ngaphandle kokubopha amafindo.

4. Ijakhethi yezingubo zokuzivikela kufanele imakwe ngobude obusebenzayo nebanga lesisindo elikhonjiswe kuthebula elilandelayo engxenyeni yalo esobala, kanye nomaki “Ijakhethi Lokuphila Lezingane” kufanele futhi limakwe ngejakhethi eyomile yezingane.

5. Uma isihloko sisesilinganisweni esimile emanzini, indawo ephelele yetheyiphu yokubuka ingemuva enamathiselwe endaweni engaphandle yebhantshi lokuphila ngaphezu kwamanzi akumele ibe ngaphansi kuka-400cm, futhi itheyiphu ebuyisela emuva izohlangabezana nezidingo. ye-IMO Resolution MSC481(102).

6. Uma ibhantshi lempilo yabantu abadala lingakhelwanga abantu abanesisindo esingaphezu kuka-140kg kanye nesiyingi sesifuba esingaphezu kuka-1750mm, kufanele kuhlinzekwe izesekeli ezifanele ukuze ibhantshi lokukhulula lixhunywe kulabo bantu.

7. Ijakhethi yokuphila izoklanywa ngolayini ophonsekayo ophonsekayo noma esinye isisetshenziswa ukuze iboshelwe ejakhethini eligqokwa omunye umuntu emanzini omile;

8. Ijakhethi yokuphila izoklanywa ngedivayisi yokuphakamisa noma okunamathiselwe ukuze idonse umuntu oligqokile emanzini imyise esikebheni sokuhlenga/isihlenga noma esikebheni sokuhlenga.

9. Ijakhethi yempilo kufanele yakhelwe ngesibani sejakhethi ephilayo, okufanele ikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo.

10. I-life jacket kufanele incike ekamelweni lomoya eliphefumulayo njenge-buoyancy, futhi akufanele kube namakamelo omoya azimele angabi ngaphansi kwamabili, futhi ukwehla kwamandla emali kwanoma yiliphi elinye lamakamelo omoya akufanele kuphazamise isimo samanye amakamelo omoya. Ngemuva kokucwiliswa emanzini, kufanele kube nenqwaba yamakamelo omoya amabili omile azimele afakwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi idivayisi yokwehla kwamandla emali kufanele inikezwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi igumbi ngalinye lomoya lingagcwaliswa ngomlomo.

11. Ijakhethi yokuzivikela kufanele ikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihambisanayo lapho igumbi lomoya lilahlekelwa ukunyakaza.

03 Izidingo zokuhlolwa kwamajakhethi okuphila asolwandle aphephethekayo 

1 Izindwangu ezimboziwe zamakamelo omoya aphephethekayo

1.1 Ukunamathela kokunamathela Isilinganiso senani lokunamathela okomile nokumanzi akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-50N/50mm. 1.2 Amandla okudabula Isilinganiso samandla okudabula akumele sibe ngaphansi kuka-35 N. 1.3 Amandla okuphuka kanye nobude obuphukayo Isilinganiso senani lamandla okuphuka omile noma amanzi akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-200N, futhi ubude obuphukayo akufanele bube ngaphezu kwama-60%. 1.4 Ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwe-Flexural Ngemva kokuhlolwa kokumelana nokuqhekeka kwe-flexural, akumele kube nemifantu ebonakalayo noma umonakalo. 1.5 Ukushesha kombala ekuhlikihleni Umbala owomile nomanzi ukushesha ekuhlikihleni akumele kube ngaphansi kwebanga lesi-3. 1.6 Ukushesha kombala ekukhanyeni Umbala wokushelela ekukhanyeni akufanele ube ngaphansi kwebanga lesi-5. 1.7 Ukuqina kombala emanzini olwandle Ukushesha kombala emanzini olwandle kufanele ungabi ngaphansi kwebanga lesi-4.

2Ibhande2.1 Amandla ajwayelekile okuphuka kwesimo Amandla okuphuka amaphakathi akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-1600N2.2 Amandla okuphuka amaphakathi ngemva kokuguga akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-1600N, futhi akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-60% wamandla ajwayelekile okuphuka kwezwe.

3Ibhande3.1 Amandla ajwayelekile okuphuka kwesimo Amandla okuphuka amaphakathi akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-1600N. 3.2 Amandla okuphuka ngemva kokuguga Amandla okuphuka amaphakathi akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-1600N, futhi angeke abe ngaphansi kuka-60% wamandla okuphuka esimweni esivamile. 3.3 Amandla okuphuka ngemva kwesifutho sikasawoti Amandla okuphuka aphakathi akumele abe ngaphansi kuka-1600N, futhi akumele abe ngaphansi kuka-60% wamandla okuphuka esimweni esivamile.

04 Ezinye izidingo zokuhlola amajakhethi okuphila aphefumulayo asolwandle

1.Ikhwelo- Impempe efakwe ijakhethi yokuphila kufanele ikwazi ukwenza umsindo emoyeni ngokushesha ngemva kokucwiliswa emanzini ahlanzekile futhi ikhishwe. Izinga lokucindezela komsindo kufanele lifinyelele ku-100dB(A). – Impempe kufanele yenziwe ngezinto ezingezona ezensimbi, ingabi nama-burrs ngaphezulu, futhi ingenza umsindo ngaphandle kokuncika kunoma iyiphi into ukuze inyakaze. – Impempe iboshelwe ejazini lempilo ngentambo encane, futhi ukubekwa kwayo akumele kuthinte ukusebenza kwejakhethi yokuphila, futhi izandla zomuntu ogqokile kufanele zikwazi ukulisebenzisa. - Amandla entambo encane kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo ze-52 ku-GB/T322348-2015

2.Umjikelezo wezinga lokushisaNgemuva kwemijikelezo eyi-10 ephezulu nephansi yezinga lokushisa, hlola ijakhethi lokuziphilisa ukuze ubukeke. Ijakhethi yokuphila akufanele ibonise izimpawu zokulimala, njengokushwabana, ukuqhekeka, ukuvuvukala, ukuhlakazeka, noma izinguquko ezimpahleni zikamshini.

3.Ukusebenza kwe-inflatable- Amasistimu okwehla kwamandla emali okuzenzakalelayo kanye namanuwali kufanele asetshenziselwe ukufutheka ngokushesha ngemva komjikelezo ngamunye wezinga lokushisa, futhi amabhantshi okuphila kufanele agcwale ngokugcwele. – Ngemva kokugcinwa endaweni yokushisa ephezulu engu-40 °C kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi elingu--15 °C amahora angu-8, amabhantshi okuphila kufanele agcwaliswe ngokugcwele yisistimu yokwehla kwamandla emali eyenziwa ngesandla.

4. Ngemva kokuba i-buoyancy loss lifejacket icwiliswe emanzini ahlanzekile amahora angu-24, ukulahlekelwa kwayo kwe-buoyancy akufanele kudlule u-5%.

5. Ukumelana nokushiswaIjakhethi yempilo ishiswe ngokweqile imizuzwana emi-2. Ngemva kokushiya ilangabi, hlola ukubukeka kwejakhethi yokuphila. Akufanele iqhubeke ishisa isikhathi esingaphezu kuka-6 noma iqhubeke incibilika.

6. Amandla- Amandla omzimba nendandatho yokuphakamisa: umzimba kanye nendandatho yokuphakamisa yejakhethi yokuphila kufanele ikwazi ukumelana namandla angu-3200N imizuzu engu-30 ngaphandle kokulimala, futhi ibhantshi lokuphila kanye nendandatho yokuphakamisa kufanele ikwazi ukumelana nesenzo 2400N imizuzu engama-30 ngaphandle kokulimala ezindlebeni. -Amandla ehlombe: Ihlombe le-life jacket kufanele likwazi ukumelana namandla angu-900N ku-30min ngaphandle kokulimala, futhi ihlombe le-lifejacket yezingane kufanele likwazi ukumelana namandla angu-700N ku-30min ngaphandle kokulimala.

7.Egqokile- Ngaphandle kokuqondiswa, u-75% wezifundo kufanele ugqoke amajakhethi okuzivikela ngendlela efanele ungakapheli umzuzu ongu-1, futhi ngemva kokuqondiswa, u-100% wezifundo kufanele ugqoke amajakhethi okuphila ngendlela efanele phakathi nomzuzu ongu-1. – Ngaphansi kwezimo zezingubo zesimo sezulu zesifundazwe, u-100% wezifundo ezishiwo ku-4.91 kufanele zigqoke ijakhethi ephilayo ngendlela efanele kungakapheli umzuzu ongu-1 – Ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa amajakhethi aphefumulayo nangenawo umoya.

8.Ukusebenza kwamanzi- Ukubuyisela: Ngemva kokuthi isihloko sigqoke ibhantshi, isikhathi sokubuyisela esimaphakathi akufanele sibe sikhulu kunesilinganiso sesikhathi sokubuyisela kanye ne-1 uma ugqoke ijakhethi yempilo yereferensi yabantu abadala (RTD). Uma kunesimo “esingaphenduki”, inani elithi “non-flip” akumele lidlule inani lezikhathi lapho i-RTD igqokwa khona. I-RTD izohlangabezana nezimfuneko ku-IMO MSC.1/Circ1470 – Ibhalansi emile: Uma isihloko sikwibhalansi emile futhi ibhantshi elikhethiwe libheke phezulu, izohlangabezana nezimfuneko ezilandelayo. a) Ubude obucacile: Isilinganiso sobude obucacile bazo zonke izifundo akumele sibe ngaphansi kobude obujwayelekile obucacile uma ugqoke i-RTD susa u-10mmo b) I-engeli ye-Torso: I-engeli ye-Torso: I-engeli ye-trunk emaphakathi yazo zonke izifundo akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwe-engeli ye-trunk evamile lapho ugqoke i-RTD. khipha u-10mmo Iya ku-10°-diving bese uwela emanzini: Ngemva kokuwela emanzini futhi utshuze usesimweni esilindile ugqoke ijakhethi, abasebenzi abahlolayo bazohlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo: a) Gcina abasebenzi bokuhlola babheke phezulu, futhi ukuphakama okucacile kwabo bonke abasebenzi abahlolayo ukusuka emanzini abukho ngaphansi kuka-5103 Isilinganiso sobude obucacile uma ugqoke i-RTD njengoba kunqunywa ukuhlola khipha u-15mm: b) Ijacket lokuhlangula alisuki futhi alibangeli ukulimala kubasebenzi bokuhlola: c) aliphazamisi amanzi ukusebenza noma ukuphuka kweseli elinyakazayo: d) akubangeli ukukhanya kwe-lifejacket kwehla noma konakale. – Ukuzinza: Ngemva kokuba isihloko sisemanzini, ibhantshi lokukhulula akufanele linyakaze libheke kolunye ukuze ubuso bomuntu oxoxwayo buphume emanzini. Okungenani inani elifanayo lezifundo ezisesimeni esifanayo nalapho ugqoke i-RTD. – Ukubhukuda nokuphuma emanzini: Ngemva kokubhukuda ama-25m, inani lezifundo ezigqoke amajakhethi okuzivikela ezingagibela isihlenga sokuphila noma ipulatifomu eqinile engu-300mm ngaphezu kwamanzi akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-2/3 yenani lezifundo. ngaphandle kwamajakhethi okuzivikela .

9.Umthwalo wekhanda ophefumulayoNgemuva kokuthi ikhanda eliphefumulayo lingaphansi kwamandla (220±10)N kusuka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, akufanele kube khona umonakalo. Ijakhethi yokuphila akufanele ivuze umoya futhi ihlale ingenawo umoya imizuzu engu-30.

10.Ngaphansi kwengcindeziIjakhethi yokuphila ngaphansi kwesimo esijwayelekile akufanele ibe nokuvuvukala noma ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zemishini ngemva kokuthwala umthwalo we-75kg, futhi akufanele kube khona ukuvuza komoya.

11. Ukusebenza kwengcindezi- I-Overpressure: I-lifejacket kufanele ikwazi ukumelana nokucindezela kwangaphakathi okwedlulele ekamelweni lokushisa. Kufanele ihlale iqinile futhi igcine le ngcindezi ye-30min.-I-valve yokukhululwa: Uma i-lifejacket ifakwe i-valve yokukhulula, kufanele ikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukucindezela ngokweqile kukhishwa. Ijakhethi yempilo izohlala injalo futhi igcine ukucindezela kwayo imizuzu engu-30, ngeke ibonise izimpawu zokulimala njengokugqabuka, ukuvuvukala noma ukuguquka kwezakhi zemishini, futhi ngeke ilimaze ngokusobala izingxenye eziphefumulayo. - Ukugcinwa komoya: I-life jacket inflatable air room igcwele umoya, futhi ibekwe ekamelweni lokushisa amahora angu-12, ukwehla kwengcindezi akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-10%.

12.Izingxenye zensimbi- Izingxenye zensimbi nezinto ezikumajakhethi okuphila kufanele zimelane nokugqwala kwamanzi olwandle. Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti ngokuhambisana no-5.151, izingxenye zensimbi ngeke zibonise ukugqwala okusobala noma umthelela kwezinye izingxenye zejakhethi yempilo futhi ngeke zehlise ukusebenza kwejakhethi yempilo. – Uma izingxenye zensimbi zejazi lokuphila zibekwe ebangeni elingama-500mm ukusuka kwikhampasi kazibuthe, ithonya lezingxenye zensimbi kwikhampasi kazibuthe akufanele lidlule u-5°.

13. Vimbela ukwehla kwamandla emaliIjakhethi yokuphila kufanele ibe nomsebenzi wokuvimbela ukwehla kwamandla emali ngengozi. Okungenhla yizindinganiso zokuhlola amabhantshi okuphila athunyelwa e-European Union, e-United States, izindinganiso zikazwelonke ezifanele zamabhantshi okuphila, kanye nempahla, ukubukeka kanye nezidingo zokuhlola endaweni yamajakhethi kazwelonke asolwandle aphephethekayo.