I-Low Voltage Directive Iba Isithiyo Esiyingcuphe Ephezulu, Ungaphendula Kanjani Ekuthengisweni Kwempahla Kagesi Ukuze Ugweme Ukukhumbula

Ngokwezibalo zesistimu yomnyango wokuphepha we-EU (EU RAPEX), ngo-2020, i-EU yakhipha isamba sezaziso zokukhumbula abantu abangu-272 ezingazange zihambisane ne-Low Voltage Directive. Ngo-2021, kwakhishwa isamba sama-233 sokukhumbula; Imikhiqizo ibandakanya amashaja e-USB, ama-adaptha kagesi, izintambo zikagesi, amalambu angaphandle, amalambu okuhlobisa kanye neminye imikhiqizo ehlobene ne-elekthronikhi nekagesi. Isizathu siwukuthi ukuvikelwa kokufakwa kwalezi mikhiqizo akwanele, abathengi bangase bathinte izingxenye ezibukhoma futhi babangele ukushaqeka kukagesi, okungathobeli i-Low Voltage Directive kanye namazinga e-EU EN62368 kanye ne-EN 60598. I-Low Voltage Directive isiphenduke ingozi enkulu. umgoqo wemikhiqizo kagesi ukungena e-EU.

"Low Voltage Directive" kanye "Low Voltage"

"Low Voltage Directive" (LVD):Yakhiwa ngo-1973 njengo-Directive 73/23/EEC, i-Directive iye yabuyekezwa kaningi futhi yabuyekezwa ngo-2006.

kuya ku-2006/95/EC ngokuhambisana nemithetho ye-EU yokulungiselela umthetho, kodwa into ihlala ingashintshile. NgoMashi 2014, i-European Union yamemezela inguqulo entsha ye-Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU, ethathe indawo yoMyalelo wokuqala ka-2006/95/EC. Umyalelo omusha uqale ukusebenza ngomhla ka-April 20, 2016.

Umgomo we-LVD Directive uwukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo kagesi ethengiswayo futhi ekhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwe-European Union iphephile kubathengi uma isebenza kahle noma lapho ihluleka.“低电压”:

I-LVD Directive ichaza imikhiqizo "ye-voltage ephansi" njengezinto zikagesi ezilinganiselwe ezingama-50-1000 volts AC noma 75-1500 volts DC.

Isaziso:Imikhiqizo kagesi enevolthi engaphansi kuka-50 volts AC noma ngaphansi kuka-75 volts DC ilawulwa yi-EU General Product Safety Directive (2001/95/EC) futhi ayiweli ngaphakathi kwesikophu se-Low Voltage Directive. Impahla ethile efana nemikhiqizo kagesi esendaweni eqhumayo, okokusebenza kwe-radiological kanye nezokwelapha, amapulagi asendlini namasokhethi nakho akumbozwanga yi-Low Voltage Directive.

Uma kuqhathaniswa no-2006/95/EC, izinguquko ezinkulu zika-2014/35/EU:

1. Ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela kalula ezimakethe kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuvikeleka.

2. Yacacisa izibopho zabakhiqizi, abangenisa impahla ngaphandle kanye nabasabalalisi.

3. Qinisa ukulandeleka nokugadwa kwezidingo zemikhiqizo enesici.

4. Kuyacaca ukuthi umenzi unesibopho sokuhlola ukuthobelana ngokwakhe, futhi asikho isidingo sokuthi inhlangano yangaphandle eyaziswayo ingenelele enqubweni.

Izidingo ze-LVD Directive

Izidingo zomyalelo we-LVD zingafingqwa njengezinjongo zokuphepha eziyi-10 ngaphansi kwezimo ezi-3:

1. Izidingo zokuphepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile:(1) Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zikagesi zingasetshenziswa ngendlela efanele ngokwenhloso yomklamo, futhi ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kufanele kukhonjwe empahleni noma embikweni ohambisana nalokhu. (2) Idizayini yezinto zikagesi kanye nezingxenye zayo kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi zingafakwa futhi zixhunywe ngokuphepha nangokufanele. (3) Uma impahla isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nenjongo yokuklama futhi inakekelwa kahle, ukwakheka nokukhiqizwa kwayo kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokuvikela ubungozi kulezi zimo ezimbili ezilandelayo.2. Izidingo zokuvikela ukuphepha lapho okokusebenza ngokwako kudala izingozi:(1) Ukuvikelwa okwanele kwabantu nemfuyo ekulimaleni ngokomzimba noma kwezinye izingozi ezibangelwa ukuthinta ugesi oqondile noma ongaqondile. (2) Akukho izinga lokushisa eliyingozi, i-arcing noma imisebe ezokhiqizwa. (3) Ukuvikela okwanele kwabantu, imfuyo kanye nempahla ezingozini ezivamile ezingezona zikagesi (njengomlilo) ezibangelwa impahla kagesi. (4) Isivikelo esifanelekile sokuvikela ngaphansi kwezimo ezingase zibonakale.3. Izidingo zokuvikela ukuphepha lapho okokusebenza kuthintwa imithelela yangaphandle:(1) Uhlangabezana nezidingo ezilindelekile zokusebenza kwemishini futhi angeke ubeke abantu, imfuyo kanye nempahla engozini. (2) Ukumelana nemithelela engeyona eyemishini ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezilindelekile ukuze kungafaki engozini abantu, imfuyo kanye nempahla. (3) Ukungafaki engozini abantu, imfuyo kanye nempahla ngaphansi komthwalo obonakalayo (ukulayisha ngokweqile).

Amathiphu Okumelana:Ukulandela izindinganiso ezivumelanisiwe kuyindlela esebenzayo yokubhekana ne-LVD Directive. "Amazinga avunyelanisiwe" ayikilasi lokucaciswa kwezobuchwepheshe okunomphumela wezomthetho, akhiwe izinhlangano zamazinga aseYurophu njenge-CEN (European Committee for Standardization) ngokusekelwe ezimfuneko ze-EU, futhi ashicilelwa njalo ku-Official Journal of the European Union. Amazinga amaningi avunyelanisiwe ayabuyekezwa kubhekiselwa kumazinga e-IEC e-International Electrotechnical Commission. Isibonelo, izinga elisebenzayo elivunyelanisiwe lamashaja e-USB, EN62368, liguqulwa lisuka ku-IEC62368. Isahluko 3, Isigaba 12 soMyalelo we-LVD sicacisa ukuthi, njengesisekelo esiyinhloko sokuhlola ukuthobelana, imikhiqizo kagesi ehlangabezana namazinga avumelanisiwe izocatshangelwa ngokuqondile ukuthi ihlangabezana nezinjongo zokuphepha ze-Low Voltage Directive. Imikhiqizo engakashicileli amazinga avunyelanisiwe idinga ukubuyekezwa kubhekiselwa kumazinga e-IEC noma izindinganiso zezwe elingamalungu ngokuya ngezinqubo ezihambisanayo.

Ungasifaka kanjani isicelo sesitifiketi se-CE-LVD

Ngokusho kwe-LVD Directive, abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo kagesi bangalungisa imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe, benze ukuhlolwa kokuvumelana, futhi babhale izimemezelo ze-EU zokuvumelana bodwa, ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwezinkampani zangaphandle. Kepha ukufaka isicelo sesitifiketi se-CE-LVD kuvame ukuba lula ukuqashelwa yimakethe futhi kuthuthukiswe lula ukuhweba nokujikeleza.

Izinqubo ezilandelayo zivame ukulandelwa: 1. Thumela izinto zokufaka isicelo kumgwamanda wezitifiketi oqeqeshiwe, njengamaphepha ezicelo aqukethe ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwabafake izicelo kanye nemikhiqizo. 2. Thumela imanuwali yemiyalelo yomkhiqizo kanye nemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe yomkhiqizo (njengemidwebo yedizayini yesekethe, uhlu lwezingxenye nezinto zokuqinisekisa izingxenye, njll.). 3. Inhlangano enikeza izitifiketi yenza ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo ngokuya ngamazinga afanelekile, futhi ikhipha umbiko wokuhlola ngemva kokuba umkhiqizo usuphumelele ukuhlolwa. 4. Inhlangano ekhipha izitifiketi ikhipha isitifiketi se-CE-LVD ngokolwazi olufanele kanye nombiko wokuhlola.

Imikhiqizo ethole isitifiketi se-CE-LVD idinga ukugcina ukuvumelana kokuphepha komkhiqizo, futhi ayikwazi ukushintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukwakheka komkhiqizo, umsebenzi, nezingxenye ezibalulekile, futhi ilondoloze idatha ehambisanayo yobuchwepheshe ukuze igadwe futhi ihlolwe.

Amanye amathiphu: Eyodwa ukuqinisa ukulandela ngomkhondo kwemiyalelo. Landela eduze amathrendi emithetho namazinga avunyelanisiwe njenge-EU LVD Directive, hlala unolwazi ngezimfuneko zakamuva zobuchwepheshe, futhi uthuthukise ukukhiqizwa nokuklama kusengaphambili. Okwesibili ukuqinisa ukuhlolwa kokuphepha komkhiqizo. Emikhiqizweni enamazinga avunyelanisiwe, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubekwa kuqala emazingeni avunyelanisiwe, futhi imikhiqizo engenamazinga avunyelanisiwe inikezwa kuqala ukuze ibhekisele kumazinga e-IEC, futhi ukuhlolwa kokuthobelana kwenhlangano yenkampani yangaphandle kwenziwa uma kunesidingo. Okwesithathu ukuqinisa ukuvimbela ubungozi benkontileka. I-LVD Directive inezidingo ezicacile mayelana nezibopho zabakhiqizi, abangenisa kwamanye amazwe nabasabalalisi.