Isifinyezo sezitifiketi zokuthekelisa ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe

Isitifiketi saseYurophu

EU
1. CE
I-CE imele i-European Union (CONFORMITE EUROPEENNE), okuwuphawu lwesitifiketi sokuphepha oluthathwa njengepasipoti yabakhiqizi ukuthi bavule futhi bangene emakethe yaseYurophu. Imikhiqizo enophawu lwe-CE ingathengiswa emazweni ahlukahlukene angamalungu e-EU, kuzuzwe ukusakazwa kwamahhala kwezimpahla emazweni angamalungu e-EU.
Imikhiqizo edinga ukulebula kwe-CE ukuze ithengiswe emakethe ye-EU ihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:
·Imikhiqizo kagesi, imikhiqizo eyimishini, imikhiqizo yamathoyizi, okokugcina okungenantambo nezokuxhumana, okokusebenza kwesiqandisi nokokuqandisa, okokuvikela umuntu, imikhumbi elula yokucindezela, amabhayela wamanzi ashisayo, okokusebenza kokucindezela, izikebhe zokuzijabulisa, imikhiqizo yokwakha, izinsiza zezokwelapha zokuxilonga i-in vitro, ezokwelashwa ezifakelwayo imishini, okokusebenza kukagesi wezokwelapha, okokuphakamisayo, okokusebenza kwegesi, okungezona okuzenzekelayo
2. RoHS
I-RoHS isifinyezo Sokukhawulwa Kokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezithize Eziyingozi Ezinsizeni Zikagesi kanye Nezogesi, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-2002/95/EC Directive.
I-RoHS iqondise kuyo yonke imikhiqizo kagesi neye-elekthronikhi engase iqukathe izinto eziyisithupha eziyingozi ezishiwo ngenhla ezintweni ezingavuthiwe nezinqubo zokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi:
·Izinto zikagesi ezimhlophe (njengeziqandisi, imishini yokuwasha, ama-microwave, ama-air conditioner, ama-vacuum cleaner, izifudumezi zamanzi, njll.) · Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezimnyama (ezifana nokulalelwayo, imikhiqizo yamavidiyo, ama-DVD, ama-CD, izamukeli ze-TV, imikhiqizo ye-IT, imikhiqizo yedijithali, ukuxhumana imikhiqizo, njll.) · Amathuluzi kagesi · Amathoyizi kagesi kagesi nezinto zikagesi zezokwelapha, njll
3. FINYELELA
I-EU Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authority and Restriction of Chemicals, efushanisiwe njengokuthi Umthetho Wokubhaliswa, Ukuhlola, Ukugunyazwa Nokukhawulelwa Kwamakhemikhali, iwuhlelo lokulawula amakhemikhali olusungulwe yi-EU futhi lwaqala ukusebenza ngo-June 1, 2007.
Lolu hlelo lubandakanya iziphakamiso zokulawula ukuphepha kokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali, ukuhweba, nokusetshenziswa, okuhloswe ngayo ukuvikela impilo yabantu kanye nokuphepha kwemvelo, ukugcina kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemboni yamakhemikhali ye-EU, kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono amasha ezinhlanganisela ezingenabuthi nezingenabungozi.
Umyalelo we-REACH udinga ukuthi amakhemikhali angenisiwe futhi akhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwe-Europe kumele adlule kunqubo ebanzi yokubhalisa, ukuhlola, ukugunyazwa, kanye nemikhawulo ukuze kukhonjwe kangcono nalula ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemvelo nokuphepha kwabantu. Lo myalelo ubandakanya ikakhulukazi okuqukethwe okuningana okubalulekile njengokubhalisa, ukuhlola, ukugunyazwa, nemikhawulo. Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo kufanele ube nefayela lokubhalisa elinohlu lwamakhemikhali futhi lichaze ukuthi umenzi uzisebenzisa kanjani lezi zingxenye zamakhemikhali, kanye nombiko wokuhlola ubuthi.

IBrithani
I-BSI
I-BSI iBritish Standards Institution, okuyinhlangano yokuqala kazwelonke yokubeka izinga emhlabeni. Ayilawulwa nguhulumeni kodwa ithole ukwesekwa okuqinile kuhulumeni. I-BSI yakha futhi ibuyekeze izindinganiso zaseBrithani futhi ikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwazo.

France
NF
I-NF igama lekhodi lezinga lesiFulentshi, elaqalwa ngo-1938 futhi liphethwe yi-French Institute for Standardization (AFNOR).
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-NF akuphoqelekile, kodwa ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo ethunyelwa e-France idinga isitifiketi se-NF. Isitifiketi se-French NF siyahambisana nesitifiketi se-EU CE, futhi isitifiketi se-NF sidlula amazinga e-EU emikhakheni eminingi yobungcweti. Ngakho-ke, imikhiqizo ethola isitifiketi se-NF ingathola isitifiketi se-CE ngokuqondile ngaphandle kwesidingo sanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo, futhi kudingeka izinqubo ezilula kuphela. Abathengi abaningi baseFrance banomqondo oqinile wokwethembana ngesitifiketi se-NF. Isitifiketi se-NF sisebenza kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezintathu zemikhiqizo: izinto zasendlini, ifenisha, nezinto zokwakha.

EJalimane
1. I-DIN
I-DIN imele i-Deutsche Institute fur Normung. I-DIN isiphathimandla sokulinganisa e-Germany, esebenza njenge-ejensi kazwelonke yokubeka izinga futhi ebambe iqhaza ezinhlanganweni zokumaniswa kwamazwe ngamazwe nezesifunda ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni.
I-DIN ijoyine i-International Organization for Standardization ngo-1951. I-German Electrotechnical Commission (DKE), eyakhiwe ngokuhlanganyela i-DIN kanye ne-German Institute of Electrical Engineers (VDE), imele i-Germany ku-International Electrotechnical Commission. I-DIN iphinde ibe yi-European Commission for Standardization kanye ne-European Electrotechnical Standard.
2. GS
Uphawu lwe-GS (Geprufte Sicherheit) wuphawu lwesitifiketi sokuphepha olukhishwe i-T Ü V, VDE nezinye izinhlangano ezigunyazwe uMnyango Wezabasebenzi waseJalimane. Yamukelwa kabanzi ngamakhasimende aseYurophu njengophawu lokuphepha. Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe ye-GS inenani eliphezulu lokuthengisa futhi idume kakhulu.
Isitifiketi se-GS sinezidingo eziqinile zohlelo lokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezimboni, futhi izimboni zidinga ukuthi zihlolwe futhi zihlolwe minyaka yonke:
Idinga amafekthri ukuthi asungule isistimu yawo yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ngokuhambisana nezinga lesistimu ye-ISO9000 lapho kuthunyelwa ngomkhumbi ngobuningi. Imboni kufanele okungenani ibe nesistimu yayo yokulawula ikhwalithi, amarekhodi ekhwalithi, namandla okukhiqiza nokuhlola anele.
Ngaphambi kokukhipha isitifiketi se-GS, ukubuyekezwa kwefekthri entsha kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ifanelekile ngaphambi kokukhipha isitifiketi se-GS; Ngemva kokukhipha isitifiketi, ifektri kufanele ibuyekezwe okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imboni ifaka imikhiqizo emingaki kumamaki e-TUV, ukuhlolwa kwefekthri kudinga ukwenziwa kanye kuphela.
Imikhiqizo edinga isitifiketi se-GS ihlanganisa:
·Impahla yasendlini, njengeziqandisi, imishini yokuwasha, izinto zasekhishini, njll· Imishini yasendlini · Izimpahla zezemidlalo· Izinto zikagesi zasendlini, ezifana nezinto ezilalelwayo nezibonwayo · Izinto zasehhovisi zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi, njengamakhophi, imishini yefeksi, amashidi, amakhompyutha, amaphrinta, njll· Imishini yezimboni nezinto zokulinganisa zokuhlola· Eminye imikhiqizo ehlobene nokuphepha, njengamabhayisikili, izigqoko zokuzivikela, izitebhisi, ifenisha, njll.
3. VDE
I-VDE Testing and Certification Institute ingenye yezinhlangano ezinokuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlola, izitifiketi, kanye nokuhlola eYurophu.
Njengenhlangano eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke yokuhlola ukuphepha kanye nesitifiketi sezinto zikagesi kanye nezingxenye zazo, i-VDE ijabulela idumela eliphezulu eYurophu ngisho nasemhlabeni wonke. Ibanga lomkhiqizo wayo ohloliwe lihlanganisa izinto zikagesi zasendlini nezohwebo, okokusebenza kwe-IT, okokusebenza kobuchwepheshe bezimboni nezokwelapha, izinto zokuhlanganisa nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, izintambo namakhebuli, njll.
4. T Ü V
Umaki we-T Ü V, owaziwa nangokuthi i-Technischer ü berwach ü ngs Verein ngesiJalimane, uwuphawu lwesitifiketi sokuphepha oluklanyelwe izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi eJalimane ngokukhethekile. NgesiNgisi, kusho "Inhlangano Yokuhlola Ubuchwepheshe". Yamukelwa kabanzi eJalimane naseYurophu. Lapho ufaka isicelo selogo ye-T Ü V, amabhizinisi angafaka isicelo sezitifiketi ze-CB ndawonye futhi athole izitifiketi kwamanye amazwe ngokuguqulwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokuba umkhiqizo usuqinisekisiwe, i-T Ü V yaseJalimane izocinga abahlinzeki bezingxenye abaqeqeshiwe futhi incoma le mikhiqizo kubakhiqizi abalungisa kabusha. Kuyo yonke inqubo yokunikezwa isitifiketi komshini, zonke izingxenye ezithole umaki we-T Ü V zikhululekile ekuhlolweni.

Izitifiketi zaseNyakatho Melika

I-united states
1. UL
I-UL imele i-Underwriter Laboratories Inc., okuyinhlangano enegunya kunawo wonke e-United States futhi ingesinye sezikhungo ezizimele ezinkulu emhlabeni ezihileleke ekuhloleni ukuphepha nasekuhloleni ukuphepha.
Yamukela izindlela zokuhlola zesayensi ukuze itadishe futhi inqume ukuthi ingabe izinto ezihlukahlukene, amathuluzi, imikhiqizo, izinsiza, izakhiwo, njll. ziwusongo empilweni nasempahleni, kanye nezinga lokulimala; Nquma, bhala, futhi usabalalise izindinganiso ezihambisanayo nezinto zokwakha ezisiza ukunciphisa futhi uvimbele ukulahlekelwa empilweni kanye nempahla, ngenkathi kwenziwa izinsizakalo zocwaningo eziyiqiniso.
Ngamafuphi, isebenzisana kakhulu nesitifiketi sokuphepha komkhiqizo kanye nesitifiketi sokuphepha kwebhizinisi, ngomgomo wokugcina wokuthola izimpahla ezinezinga elikhulu lokuphepha emakethe, nokwenza iminikelo ekuqinisekiseni impilo yomuntu siqu kanye nokuphepha kwempahla.
Njengendlela esebenzayo yokuqeda izithiyo zobuchwepheshe ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe, i-UL idlala indima enhle ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokuthola isitifiketi sokuphepha komkhiqizo.
2. I-FDA
I-Food and Drug Administration yase-United States, efushanisiwe njenge-FDA. I-FDA ingenye yezikhungo eziphezulu ezisungulwe uhulumeni wase-US ngaphakathi koMnyango Wezempilo Nezinsizakalo Zabantu kanye noMnyango Wezempilo Yomphakathi. Isibopho se-FDA siwukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla, izimonyo, izidakamizwa, i-biologics, okokusebenza kwezokwelapha, nemikhiqizo yemisebe ekhiqizwa noma engeniswe e-United States.
Ngokwemithethonqubo, i-FDA izonikeza inombolo yokubhalisa ezinikele kumfakisicelo ngamunye ukuze abhalise. Ama-ejensi angaphandle athumela ukudla e-United States kufanele azise i-US Food and Drug Administration amahora angu-24 ngaphambi kokufika echwebeni lase-US, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzonqatshelwa ukungena futhi kuvalelwe esikhumulweni sokungena.
3. I-ETLETL isifinyezo se-Electrical Testing Laboratories e-United States.
Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo kagesi, womshini noma we-electromechanical onophawu lokuhlola lwe-ETL ubonisa ukuthi uhloliwe futhi uhlangabezana namazinga emboni afanele. Imboni ngayinye inamazinga ahlukene okuhlola, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe ngezidingo ezithile zomkhiqizo. Uphawu lokuhlola lwe-ETL lusetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yekhebula, okubonisa ukuthi luphumelele ukuhlolwa okufanele.
4. FCC
I-Federal Communications Commission ixhumanisa ukuxhumana kwasekhaya nokwamazwe ngamazwe ngokulawula ukusakazwa komsakazo, umabonakude, ezokuxhumana, amasathelayithi, nezintambo. Kubandakanya izifundazwe ezingaphezu kuka-50 e-United States, Colombia, nasezindaweni zayo. Imikhiqizo eminingi yezicelo ezingenantambo, imikhiqizo yokuxhumana, nemikhiqizo yedijithali idinga imvume ye-FCC ukuze ingene emakethe yase-US.
Isitifiketi se-FCC, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Federal Communications Certification e-United States. Kuhlanganisa amakhompiyutha, imishini yefeksi, izinto zikagesi, izinto zokwamukela nokudluliswa okungenantambo, amathoyizi okulawula kude angenazintambo, izingcingo, amakhompyutha omuntu siqu, neminye imikhiqizo engase ilimaze ukuphepha komuntu siqu.
Uma umkhiqizo uthunyelwa e-United States, kufanele uhlolwe futhi ugunyazwe ilabhorethri egunyazwe uhulumeni ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ze-FCC. Abangenisi kanye nama-ejenti wentela kudingeka ukuthi bamemezele ukuthi idivayisi ngayinye yefrikhwensi yomsakazo ithobelana namazinga e-FCC, okuyilayisense ye-FCC.
5. I-TSCA
I-Toxic Substances Control Act, efushanisiwe njenge-TSCA, yashaywa yiKhongolose yase-US ngo-1976 futhi yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1977. Isetshenziswa yi-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Umthethosivivinywa uhlose ukucubungulisisa imithelela yezemvelo, ezomnotho, kanye nenhlalo yamakhemikhali azungeza ngaphakathi kwe-United States, kanye nokuvimbela "izingozi ezingenangqondo" empilweni yabantu kanye nemvelo. Ngemuva kokubuyekezwa okuningi, i-TSCA isibe umgomo obalulekile wokuphatha okusebenzayo kwezinto zamakhemikhali e-United States. Ezinkampanini imikhiqizo yazo ethunyelwa e-United States iwela ngaphansi kwesigaba sokulawula se-TSCA, ukuthobela i-TSCA kuyimfuneko yokuqala ukuze kwenziwe uhwebo olujwayelekile.

Canada

I-BSI
I-BSI iBritish Standards Institution, okuyinhlangano yokuqala kazwelonke yokubeka izinga emhlabeni. Ayilawulwa nguhulumeni kodwa ithole ukwesekwa okuqinile kuhulumeni. I-BSI yakha futhi ibuyekeze izindinganiso zaseBrithani futhi ikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwazo.

I-CSA
I-CSA isifinyezo se-Canadian Standards Association, eyasungulwa ngo-1919 njengenhlangano yokuqala yase-Canada engenzi nzuzo ezinikele ekuthuthukiseni izindinganiso zezimboni.
Imikhiqizo kagesi kanye nekagesi ethengiswa emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika idinga isitifiketi ngokuya ngokuphepha. Njengamanje, i-CSA iyindikimba enkulu yezitifiketi zokuvikela e-Canada futhi ingesinye sezikhungo ezidume kakhulu zesitifiketi sokuphepha emhlabeni. Ingahlinzeka ngesitifiketi sokuphepha sazo zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa imishini, izinto zokwakha, izinto zikagesi, okokusebenza kwekhompyutha, okokusebenza kwasehhovisi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuphepha emlilweni wezokwelapha, ezemidlalo nokuzijabulisa. I-CSA inikeze izinsiza zesitifiketi ezinkulungwaneni zabakhiqizi emhlabeni jikelele, ngamakhulu ezigidi zemikhiqizo enophawu lwe-CSA ethengiswa minyaka yonke emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika.

Izitifiketi zase-Asia
China

1. CCC
Ngokuvumelana nokuzibophezela kweShayina ekungeneni ku-WTO kanye nomgomo wokubonisa impatho kazwelonke, umbuso usebenzisa ilogo ehlanganisiwe ukuze uthole isitifiketi somkhiqizo esiyisibopho. Uphawu olusha lwesitifiketi oluyisibopho lukazwelonke lubizwa ngokuthi "Isitifiketi Esiyimpoqo sase-China", negama lesiNgisi elithi "China Compulsory Certification" nesifinyezo sesiNgisi esithi "CCC".
I-China isebenzisa isitifiketi somkhiqizo esiyisibopho emikhiqizweni engu-149 emikhakheni emikhulu engu-22. Ngemva kokusetshenziswa kophawu lwesitifiketi oluyisibopho saseShayina, kancane kancane luzongena esikhundleni sophawu lwangempela oluthi "Great Wall" kanye nophawu lwe-"CCIB".
2. CB
I-CB iyinhlangano kazwelonke yezitifiketi eqashelwa futhi yanikezwa izitifiketi ze-CB yiKomidi Lokuphatha (i-Mc) le-International Electrotechnical Commission's Electrical Product Safety Certification Organisation (iEcEE) ngoJuni 1991. Iziteshi zokuhlola ezingaphansi kweziyisi-9 zamukelwa njengamalabhorethri e-CB (amalabhorethri enhlangano yezitifiketi ). Kuyo yonke imikhiqizo kagesi, inqobo nje uma ibhizinisi lithola isitifiketi se-CB kanye nombiko wokuhlola okhishwe yikomidi, amazwe angamalungu angama-30 ngaphakathi kohlelo lwe-IECEE ccB azoqashelwa, okuqeda isidingo sokuthumela amasampula ezweni elingenisayo ukuze ahlolwe. Lokhu konga kokubili izindleko kanye nesikhathi sokuthola isitifiketi sokuqinisekisa kulelo zwe, okuzuzisa kakhulu ukuthumela imikhiqizo ngaphandle.

Japan
PSE
Uhlelo oluyimpoqo lokufinyelela emakethe lwemikhiqizo kagesi yaseJapan nalo luyingxenye ebalulekile yoMthetho Wokuphepha Komkhiqizo Kagesi waseJapan.
Njengamanje, uhulumeni waseJapane uhlukanisa imikhiqizo kagesi ibe "imikhiqizo kagesi ethize" kanye "nemikhiqizo kagesi engaqondile" ngokuvumelana nezinhlinzeko zoMthetho Wokuphepha Komkhiqizo Kagesi waseJapane, phakathi kwawo "imikhiqizo kagesi ethize" ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezingu-115 zemikhiqizo; Imikhiqizo kagesi engaqondile ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-338 zemikhiqizo.
I-PSE ihlanganisa izidingo zakho kokubili i-EMC nokuphepha. Ngemikhiqizo esohlwini lwekhathalogi "yemishini kagesi ethize", engena emakethe yaseJapan, kufanele iqinisekiswe yinkampani yangaphandle egunyazwe uMnyango Wezomnotho, Wezohwebo Nezimboni waseJapan, ithole isitifiketi sokuqinisekisa, futhi ibe nokwakheka kwedayimane. Ilogo ye-PSE kulebula.
I-CQC ukuphela kwendikimba yezitifiketi e-China efake isicelo sokugunyazwa kwesitifiketi se-PSE yaseJapan. Njengamanje, izigaba zomkhiqizo wesitifiketi somkhiqizo wase-Japan we-PSE esitholwe yi-CQC yizigaba ezintathu ezinkulu: izintambo nezintambo (kuhlanganise nemikhiqizo engama-20), izinto ezisebenza ngocingo (izinsiza zikagesi, izinto zikagesi ezikhanyayo, njll., okuhlanganisa imikhiqizo engama-38), kanye nemishini yokufaka amandla kagesi. (izinto zasendlini, okuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo eyi-12).

Korea
Imaki ye-KC
Ngokomthetho Wokulawulwa Kokuphepha Komkhiqizo Kagesi wase-Korea, Uhlu Lwemikhiqizo Yokumaka I-KC luhlukanisa isitifiketi sokuphepha komkhiqizo kagesi kusitifiketi esiyisibopho nesitifiketi sokuzithandela kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2009.
Isitifiketi esiyimpoqo sisho yonke imikhiqizo kagesi eyingxenye yesigaba esiyisibopho futhi kufanele ithole isitifiketi se-KC Mark ngaphambi kokuthi ithengiswe emakethe yase-Korea. Kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwefekthri kwaminyaka yonke nokuhlolwa kwamasampula omkhiqizo. Isitifiketi sokuzilawula (sokuzithandela) sibhekisela kuyo yonke imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi engeyemikhiqizo yokuzithandela edinga kuphela ukuhlolwa nokuqinisekiswa, futhi engadingi ukuhlolwa kwefekthri. Isitifiketi sisebenza iminyaka emi-5.

Isitifiketi kwezinye izifunda

Australia

1. Ithikithi le-C/A
Iwuphawu lwesitifiketi esikhishwe i-Australian Communications Authority (ACA) semishini yezokuxhumana, enomjikelezo wesitifiketi se-C-tick wamaviki angu-1-2.
Umkhiqizo wenza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-ACAQ, ubhalisa ne-ACA ukuze usebenzise i-A/C-Tick, ugcwalise Ifomu Lokumemezela Ukuvumelana, futhi ulilondoloze kanye nerekhodi lokuthobela umkhiqizo. Ilebula elinelogo ye-A/C-Tick inamathiselwe emkhiqizweni wokuxhumana noma okokusebenza. I-A-Tick ethengiselwa abathengi isebenza kuphela emikhiqizweni yezokuxhumana, futhi imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ngokuvamile iyizicelo ze-C-Tick. Kodwa-ke, uma imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ifaka isicelo se-A-Tick, ayidingi ukufaka isicelo se-C-Tick ngokuhlukana. Kusukela ngoNovemba 2001, izicelo ze-EMI ezivela e-Australia/New Zealand zihlanganisiwe; Uma umkhiqizo uzothengiswa kulawa mazwe womabili, amadokhumenti alandelayo kufanele aphelele ngaphambi kokumakethwa, uma kwenzeka i-ACA (Australian Communications Authority) noma iziphathimandla zaseNew Zealand (Ministry of Economic Development) zenza ukuhlola okungahleliwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Uhlelo lwe-EMC e-Australia luhlukanisa imikhiqizo ngamaleveli amathathu, futhi abahlinzeki kufanele babhalise ne-ACA futhi bafake isicelo sokusebenzisa ilogo ye-C-Tick ngaphambi kokudayisa imikhiqizo Yezinga 2 kanye Neleveli 3.

2. SAA
Isitifiketi se-SAA yinhlangano ejwayelekile ngaphansi kweNhlangano Yamazinga yase-Australia, ngakho-ke abangani abaningi babiza izitifiketi zase-Australia njenge-SAA. I-SAA iyisitifiketi esivame ukubhekana nemboni sokuthi imikhiqizo kagesi engena emakethe yase-Australia kufanele ihambisane nemithetho yezokuphepha yendawo. Ngenxa yesivumelwano sokubonana phakathi kwe-Australia ne-New Zealand, yonke imikhiqizo eqinisekiswe yi-Australia ingangena ngokushelela emakethe yaseNew Zealand ukuze ithengiswe.
Yonke imikhiqizo kagesi kumele ithole isitifiketi sokuphepha (SAA).
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-logo akwa-SAA, enye eyokuqashelwa ngokusemthethweni kanti enye iwuphawu olujwayelekile. Isitifiketi esisemthethweni sinesibopho samasampuli kuphela, kuyilapho ukumakwa okujwayelekile kudinga ukubuyekezwa kwefekthri kumuntu ngamunye.
Njengamanje, zimbili izindlela zokufaka isicelo sokuthola isitifiketi se-SAA e-China. Enye iwukudlulisa umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-CB. Uma ungekho umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-CB, ungafaka isicelo ngqo. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokufaka isicelo sesitifiketi se-SAA sase-Australia sezinto ezivamile zokukhanyisa ze-ITAV nempahla encane yasendlini ngamaviki ama-3-4. Uma ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ingahlangabezani namazinga, idethi ingase inwetshwe. Lapho uthumela umbiko ukuze ubuyekezwe e-Australia, kuyadingeka ukunikeza isitifiketi se-SAA sepulaki yomkhiqizo (ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni enamapulaki), ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke lisetshenzwe. Izingxenye ezibalulekile emkhiqizweni zidinga isitifiketi se-SAA, njengesitifiketi se-SAA ye-transformer yezinto zokukhanyisa, ngaphandle kwalokho izinto zokucwaninga zase-Australia ngeke zigunyazwe.

I-Saudi Arabia
SASO
Isifinyezo se-Saudi Arabian Standards Organisation. I-SASO inomthwalo wemfanelo wokuthuthukisa amazinga kazwelonke azo zonke izidingo nemikhiqizo yansuku zonke, okubandakanya nezinhlelo zokulinganisa, ukulebula, njll. Isitifiketi sokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe sidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni eyahlukene. Inhloso yasekuqaleni yohlelo lokunikeza isitifiketi nokugunyazwa ukuxhumanisa ukukhiqizwa komphakathi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho ngezindlela ezijwayelekile njengamazinga ahlanganisiwe, imithethonqubo yezobuchwepheshe, nezinqubo zokuhlola ukufaneleka.