Nakuba amakhasimende aseYurophu naseMelika ekhathazekile ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kungani edinga ukuhlola inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza kwefekthri iyonke?
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 e-United States, inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo eshibhile edinga abasebenzi abaningi enokuncintisana kwamanye amazwe evela emazweni asathuthuka yangena ezimakethe zamazwe athuthukile, okwaba nomthelela omkhulu ezimakethe zasekhaya zamazwe athuthukile. Abasebenzi ezimbonini ezihlobene nabo bebengasebenzi noma amaholo abo ehlile. Ngekhwelo lokuvikelwa kwezohwebo, i-United States kanye namanye amazwe athuthukile baye baqhubeka begxeka futhi begxeka indawo yokusebenza kanye nezimo zamazwe asathuthuka ukuze kuvikelwe izimakethe zasekhaya futhi kuncishiswe ingcindezi yezombangazwe. Igama elithi "sweatshop" lisuka kulokhu.
Ngakho-ke, ngo-1997, i-American Economic Priorities Accreditation Council (CEPAA) yasungulwa, yaklama isibopho somphakathi i-SA8000 indinganiso nesitifiketi sohlelo, futhi yengeza amalungelo abantu nezinye izici ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi yasungula i-“Social Accountability International (SAI)” . Ngaleso sikhathi, abaphathi bakaClinton nabo Ngokusekelwa okukhulu okuvela kwa-SAI, uhlelo lwe-SA8000 “lwezindinganiso zokuzibophezela komphakathi” lwazalwa. Lena enye yezinhlelo eziyisisekelo ezijwayelekile zamakhasimende ase-Europe naseMelika ukuthi ahlole izimboni.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwefekthri akukhona nje ukuthola isiqiniseko sekhwalithi, sekuphenduke indlela yezombangazwe yamazwe athuthukile ukuvikela imakethe yasekhaya kanye nokukhulula ingcindezi yezombangazwe, futhi kungenye yezithiyo zokuhwebelana ezibekwe amazwe athuthukile emazweni asathuthuka.
Ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku kwasefekthri kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ngokokuqukethwe, okuwukuhlolwa kwesibopho somphakathi (ES), uhlelo lwekhwalithi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamandla okukhiqiza (FCCA) kanye nokuhlolwa kokulwa nobuphekula (GSV). Ukuhlola; ukuhlolwa kwesistimu yekhwalithi ikakhulukazi ukubuyekeza uhlelo lokulawula ikhwalithi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamandla okukhiqiza; ukulwa nobuphekula ukuthi kusukela kwenzeka isigameko "se-911" e-United States, i-United States isebenzise izinyathelo zokulwa nobuphekula emhlabeni wonke kusukela olwandle, umhlaba, nomoya.
I-US Customs and Border Protection ikhuthaza izinkampani ezingenisa kwamanye amazwe kanye nemboni yezokuthutha yamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi ikhuthaze i-C-TPAT (Uhlelo Lokulawulwa Kokuphepha Kobuphekula). Kuze kube manje, i-US Customs ibona kuphela ukuhlolwa kwe-ITS kokulwa nobuphekula. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlola kwefekthri okunzima kakhulu ukuhlola isibopho somphakathi, ngoba ngokuyinhloko kuwukuhlolwa kwamalungelo abantu. Imibandela yamahora okusebenza kanye namaholo kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho yezemisebenzi yendawo ikude ngempela nezimo zikazwelonke zamazwe asathuthuka, kodwa ukuze Lapho ufaka i-oda, wonke umuntu uzozama ngenkuthalo ukuthola isisombululo. Kukhona njalo izindlela eziningi kunezinkinga. Uma nje abaphathi befekthri benaka ngokwanele futhi benza umsebenzi othile wokuthuthukisa, izinga lokuphasa lokuhlolwa kwefekthri liphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa.
Ekuhlolweni kokuqala kwefekthri, ikhasimende ngokuvamile lalithumela abacwaningi mabhuku benkampani ukuba bayohlola imboni. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi abaphakeli bezinkampani ezithile ezaziwayo emhlabeni babedalulwa kaningi abezindaba mayelana nezindaba zamalungelo abantu, idumela labo nokwethembeka kwemikhiqizo yabo kwancipha kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani eziningi zaseYurophu nezaseMelika zizophathisa amafemu avela eceleni ukuthi ahlolele wona. Amafemu ommeli aziwayo afaka phakathi: I-SGS Standard Technical Services Co., Ltd. (SGS), Bureau Veritas (BV), kanye ne-Intertek Group (ITS) kanye ne-CSCC njll.
Njengomeluleki wokuhlolwa kwefekthri, ngivame ukuthola ukuthi izinkampani eziningi zohwebo lwangaphandle zinokungaqondi okuningi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwefekthri yamakhasimende. Incazelo enemininingwane imi kanje:
1. Cabanga ukuthi amakhasimende anomsindo.
Izinkampani eziningi ezike zaxhumana nemboni okokuqala ngqa zinomuzwa wokuthi akuqondakali nhlobo. Uma uthenga imikhiqizo kimi, ngidinga kuphela ukuletha imikhiqizo efanelekayo kuwe ngesikhathi. Kungani kufanele ngikhathalele ukuthi inkampani yami iphathwa kanjani. Lawa mabhizinisi akaziqondi nhlobo izidingo zamakhasimende akwamanye amazwe, futhi ukuqonda kwawo kukha phezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuwukubonakaliswa komehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemiqondo yokuphatha amabhizinisi aseShayina nezangaphandle. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi nobuchwepheshe befektri, ngaphandle kwesistimu yokuphatha enhle nenqubo, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokulethwa kwemikhiqizo. Inqubo ikhiqiza imiphumela. Kunzima ngenkampani enabaphathi abanesiphithiphithi ukukholisa amakhasimende ukuthi ingakhiqiza ngokuzinza izinga elifanele futhi iqinisekise ukulethwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwefekthri yesibopho somphakathi kungenxa yengcindezi yezinhlangano zasekhaya ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni kanye nemibono yomphakathi, futhi ukuhlolwa kwefekthri kuyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe izingozi. Ukuhlolwa kwefekthri elwa namaphekula okuholwa ngamakhasimende aseMelika nakho kungenxa yengcindezi yamasiko asekhaya kanye nohulumeni ukulwa nobuphekula. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi nobuchwepheshe yilokho amakhasimende akukhathalela kakhulu. Ukuthatha isinyathelo emuva, njengoba kuyimithetho yomdlalo ebekwe ikhasimende, njengebhizinisi, awukwazi ukushintsha imithetho yomdlalo, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zekhasimende, ngaphandle kwalokho uzoyeka ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle. ukuhleleka;
2. Cabanga ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwefekthri akubona ubuhlobo.
Abanikazi bamabhizinisi abaningi bajwayelene kahle nendlela yokwenza izinto eChina, futhi bacabanga ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwefekthri kuyindaba nje yokuzama ukulungisa ubudlelwano. Lokhu futhi kuwukungaqondi okukhulu. Eqinisweni, ukuhlolwa kwefekthri okudingwa yikhasimende kufanele kudinge ukuthuthukiswa okufanele kwebhizinisi. Umcwaningi mabhuku akanalo ikhono lokuchaza ibhizinisi elonakele njengembali. Phela kumele umcwaningi mabhuku athathe izithombe, akopishe amaphepha kanye nobunye ubufakazi ukuze abuyiswe ukuze kusetshenziswe isikhathi esizayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izikhungo eziningi zokucwaningwa kwamabhuku nazo ziyizinkampani zakwamanye amazwe, eziphethe ngokuqinile, kugcizelelwa kakhulu nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezihlanzekile, futhi abacwaningi mabhuku bangaphansi kokugadwa nokuhlolwa kwamabala. Manje isimo sokucwaningwa kwamabhuku sisemuhle kakhulu, vele, umcwaningi mabhuku ngamunye akashiywa ngaphandle. Uma kukhona amafekthri angalokotha abeke amagugu awo ebudlelwaneni obumsulwa ngaphandle kokwenza ubungcono bangempela, ngikholwa ukuthi maningi amathuba okuthi abhekane nobunzima. Ukuze siphumelele ukuhlolwa kwefekthri, kufanele senze ukuthuthukiswa okwanele.
3. Uma ucabanga ukuthi i-hardware yakho yinhle, uzokwazi ukudlula ukuhlolwa kwefekthri.
Izinkampani eziningi zivame ukuthi uma inkampani engumakhelwane imbi kakhulu kunabo, uma ingaphasa, uzodlula. Lezi zimboni aziyiqondi nhlobo imithetho nokuqukethwe kokuhlolwa kwefekthri. Ukuhlolwa kwefekthri kuhilela okuqukethwe okuningi, i-hardware iyisici esisodwa kuphela, futhi kunezici eziningi zesofthiwe ezingenakubonwa, ezinquma umphumela wokugcina wokuhlolwa kwefekthri.
4. Uma ucabanga ukuthi indlu yakho ayilungile, akumele uyihlole.
Lezi zimboni nazo zenze amaphutha angenhla. Uma nje i-hardware yebhizinisi inephutha, isibonelo, indawo yokulala kanye ne-workshop kusakhiwo esifanayo sefektri, indlu indala kakhulu futhi kunezingozi ezingase zibe khona zokuphepha, futhi umphumela wendlu unezinkinga ezinkulu. Ngisho nezinkampani ezine-hardware ezimbi zingase ziphumelele ekuhlolweni kwefekthri.
5. Cabanga ukuthi ukudlula ukuhlolwa kwefekthri ngeke ngikwazi ukukuthola.
Amabhizinisi amaningi okuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe asuka ezingqungqutheleni zokucobelelana ngolwazi zemindeni, futhi ukuphatha kwawo kunesiphithiphithi. Ngisho noma besanda kungena kule nkundla yokucobelelana ngolwazi, banomuzwa wokuthi ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi labo kuyisiphithiphithi. Eqinisweni, lezi zinkampani azidingi ukwenqaba ngokweqile ukuhlolwa kwefekthri. Ngemuva kokuthi izimo ze-hardware sezihlangatshezwane, inqobo nje uma abaphathi benesinqumo esanele sokuthola i-ejensi yokubonisana yangaphandle efanelekile, bangashintsha ngokuphelele isimo sokuphatha sebhizinisi ngesikhathi esifushane, bathuthukise ukuphathwa, futhi ekugcineni ngokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwamakhasimende e-Class. . Phakathi kwamakhasimende esiwaluleke, maningi kakhulu amacala anjalo. Izinkampani eziningi zikhala ngokuthi izindleko azinkulu futhi isikhathi asiside, kodwa izinkampani zabo zinomuzwa wokuthi ziphelele ngokuphelele. Njengomphathi, baphinde baqiniseke kakhulu ukuhola abahwebi babo futhi amakhasimende akwamanye amazwe avakashela amabhizinisi abo.
6. Ukucabanga ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwefekthri kunzima kakhulu ukwenqaba isicelo sokuhlolwa kwefekthri yekhasimende.
Eqinisweni, okwamanje, izinkampani ezithumela ezimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika ngokuyisisekelo kufanele zixhumane nefekthri ukuze zihlolwe. Ngokwezinga elithile, ukwenqaba ukuhlola imboni kusho ukwenqaba ama-oda nokwenqaba inzuzo engcono. Izinkampani eziningi zeza kithina zathi njalo uma abahwebi nabathengi bakwamanye amazwe becela ukuhlolwa kwamafemu, banqaba njalo. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, ngathola ukuthi ama-oda ami aya ngokuya encipha futhi inzuzo yaba mncane, futhi amabhizinisi azungezile ayevame ukuba sezingeni elifanayo athuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni embalwa edlule ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwefekthri okuvamile. Ezinye izinkampani nazo zithi sezineminyaka eminingi zihweba kwamanye amazwe azikaze ziyihlole ifemu. Nakuba ezizwa ebusisiwe, siyadabuka ngaye. Ngoba ngokuhamba kweminyaka, inzuzo yakhe isetshenziswe ungqimba ngongqimba futhi ayikwazi ukunakekela.
Inkampani engakaze ihlole ifekthri kufanele ibe yathola ama-oda afakwe ngokuyimfihlo ezinye izinkampani ezihlola imboni. Izinkampani zabo zifana nemikhumbi-ngwenya, azikaze zivele ngasohlangothini lwekhasimende, futhi ikhasimende lokugcina alikaze liyazi le nkampani. ubukhona bebhizinisi. Indawo yokuhlala yamabhizinisi anjalo izoba yincane futhi ibe mncane, ngoba amakhasimende amaningi amakhulu akwenqabela ngokuqinile ukubolekwa kwenkontileka engenalayisense, ngakho mancane amathuba okuthi bathole ama-oda. Njengoba ama-oda anenkontileka engaphansi, inzuzo evele iphansi izoba yincane nakakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-oda anjalo azinzile kakhulu, futhi ikhaya langaphambili lingathola imboni enenani elingcono futhi lishintshwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Kunezinyathelo ezintathu kuphela ekucwaningweni kwamakhasimende:
Ukubuyekezwa kwamadokhumenti, vakashela indawo yokukhiqiza, futhi wenze izingxoxo nabasebenzi, ngakho-ke lungiselela lezi zici ezintathu ezingenhla: lungiselela imibhalo, okungcono uhlelo; hlela isayithi, ikakhulukazi ukunaka ukuvikelwa komlilo, umshwalense wezabasebenzi, njll.; Futhi ezinye izici zokuqeqeshwa, kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi izimpendulo zabasebenzi zihambisana nemibhalo ebhaliwe eya kubavakashi.
Ngokusho kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa kwefekthri (ukuhlolwa kwamalungelo abantu kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi, ukuhlolwa okulwa nobuphekula, ukuhlolwa kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi, ukuhlolwa kwemvelo, njll.), amalungiselelo adingekayo ahlukile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-11-2022