Kunezigaba eziyisithupha ezinkulu zamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kakhulu, i-polyester (PET polyethylene terephthalate), i-polyethylene ephezulu (HDPE), i-polyethylene ephansi (LDPE), i-polypropylene (PP), i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), i-polystyrene (PS).
Kodwa, uyazi ukuthi ungawabona kanjani la mapulasitiki?Indlela yokuthuthukisa "amehlo akho avuthayo"?Ngizokufundisa ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo, akunzima ukwazi amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kakhulu ngemizuzwana!
Cishe kunezindlela ezilandelayo zokuhlonza amapulasitiki: ukuhlonza ukubukeka, ukuhlonza izinto ezivuthayo, ukuhlonza ukuminyana, ukuhlonza okuncibilikayo, ukuhlonza i-solvent, njll.
Izindlela ezimbili zokuqala zilula futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa, futhi zingakwazi ukubona lezi zinhlobo zamapulasitiki kahle kakhulu.Indlela yokuhlonza ukuminyana ingahlukanisa amapulasitiki futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini yokukhiqiza.Ngakho-ke, lapha sethula ikakhulukazi ezintathu zazo.
Ipulasitiki ngayinye inezici zayo, ezinemibala ehlukene, i-gloss, obala,ubulukhuni, njll. Ukuhlonza ukubukeka ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ngokusekelwe kuizici zokubukekakwepulasitiki.
Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa izici zokubukeka kwamapulasitiki amaningana avamile.Izisebenzi zokuhlunga ezinolwazi zingakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokunembile izinhlobo zepulasitiki ngokusekelwe kulezi zici zokubukeka.
Ukuhlonza ukubukeka kwamapulasitiki amaningana asetshenziswa kakhulu
1. I-polyethylene PE
Izakhiwo: Uma ingafakwanga umbala, imhlophe qhwa, iyacwebezela, futhi inengcina;umkhiqizo uzwakala ubushelelezi uma uthintwa ngesandla, uthambile futhi uqinile, futhi ube side kancane.Ngokuvamile, i-polyethylene enezinga eliphansi ithambile futhi inokukhanyela okungcono, kuyilapho i-polyethylene enezinga eliphezulu inzima.
Imikhiqizo evamile: ifilimu yepulasitiki, izikhwama, amapayipi amanzi, izigubhu zamafutha, amabhodlela esiphuzo (amabhodlela obisi e-calcium), izidingo zansuku zonke, njll.
2. I-Polypropylene PP
Izakhiwo: Imhlophe, icwebezela futhi i-waxy uma ingafakwanga umbala;ilula kune-polyethylene.Ukungafihli nakho kungcono kune-polyethylene futhi kuqinile kune-polyethylene.Ukumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu, ukuphefumula okuhle, ukumelana nokushisa kufika ku-167°C.
Imikhiqizo evamile: amabhokisi, imiphongolo, amafilimu, ifenisha, izikhwama ezilukiweyo, izikepisi zamabhodlela, obhampa bezimoto, njll.
3. I-Polystyrene PS
Izakhiwo: Ibonisa ngale uma ingafakwanga umbala.Umkhiqizo uzokwenza umsindo wensimbi uma wehliswa noma ushaywa.Inokukhanya okuhle nokukhanyela, okufana nengilazi.I-brittle futhi kulula ukuphuka.Ungakwazi ukunwaya ubuso bomkhiqizo ngezinzipho zakho.I-polystyrene eguquliwe i-opaque.
Imikhiqizo evamile: izinto zokubhala, izinkomishi, iziqukathi zokudla, amabhokisi ezinto zikagesi zasendlini, izesekeli zikagesi, njll.
4. I-PVC ye-Polyvinyl chloride
Izakhiwo: Umbala wangempela uphuzi kancane, uyacwebezela futhi uyacwebezela.Ukucaca kungcono kune-polyethylene ne-polypropylene, kodwa kubi kune-polystyrene.Ngokuya ngenani lezithasiselo ezisetshenzisiwe, ihlukaniswe yaba i-PVC ethambile futhi eqinile.Imikhiqizo ethambile iyashintshashintsha futhi iqinile, futhi izwakala inamathele.Imikhiqizo eqinile inobulukhuni obuphakeme kune-polyethylene ephansi kodwa iphansi kune-polypropylene, futhi ukumhlophe kuzokwenzeka ekugobeni.Ikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okufika ku-81°C.
Imikhiqizo evamile: amasoli ezicathulo, amathoyizi, izintambo zocingo, iminyango namafasitela, izinto zokubhala, iziqukathi zokupakisha, njll.
5. I-Polyethylene terephthalate PET
Izakhiwo: Ukucaca okuhle kakhulu, amandla angcono kanye nokuqina kune-polystyrene ne-polyvinyl chloride, hhayi indawo ephukile kalula, ebushelelezi futhi ecwebezelayo.Imelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, ayimelani namazinga okushisa aphakeme, kulula ukonakala (ingakwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-69°C).
Imikhiqizo evamile: ngokuvamile imikhiqizo yamabhodlela: Amabhodlela e-Coke, amabhodlela amanzi amaminerali, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho
Izigaba eziyisithupha ezivame ukusetshenziswa zamapulasitiki nazo zingabonakala ngokuthiamamaki okugaywa kabusha.Uphawu lokugaywa kabusha luvamise ukuba ngezansi kwesiqukathi.Uphawu lwesiShayina yinombolo enezinhlamvu ezimbili eno"0" ngaphambili.Uphawu lwangaphandle luyidijithi eyodwa ngaphandle kuka-"0".Izinombolo ezilandelayo zimelela uhlobo olufanayo lwepulasitiki.Imikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi abajwayelekile inalolu phawu.Ngophawu lokuvuselela kabusha, uhlobo lwepulasitiki lungabonakala ngokunembile.
Ezinhlotsheni ezijwayelekile zepulasitiki, indlela yokuvutha ingasetshenziswa ukuze zihlonzwe ngokunembe kakhudlwana.Ngokuvamile, udinga ukuba nekhono ekukhetheni futhi ube nompetha ozokuqondisa isikhathi esithile, noma ungathola amapulasitiki ahlukahlukene futhi wenze izivivinyo zokushiswa uwedwa, futhi ungawazi kahle ngokuwaqhathanisa nokuyibamba ngekhanda ngokuphindaphindiwe.Asikho isinqamuleli.Iyasesha.Umbala nephunga lelangabi ngesikhathi sokushiswa kanye nesimo ngemuva kokushiya umlilo kungasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokuhlonza.
Uma uhlobo lwepulasitiki lungenakuqinisekiswa kusukela kumkhuba wokusha, amasampula ezinhlobo zepulasitiki ezaziwayo angakhethwa ukuze aqhathanise futhi akhonjwe ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono.
Amapulasitiki anobunzima obuhlukahlukene, futhi izenzakalo zawo zokucwila nokuntanta emanzini nezinye izixazululo nazo zihlukile.Izixazululo ezahlukene zingasetshenziswa ukuzehlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene.Ukuminyana kwamapulasitiki amaningana asetshenziswa kakhulu kanye nokuminyana koketshezi olusetshenziswa kakhulu kukhonjisiwe kuthebula elingezansi.Uketshezi oluhlukene lungakhethwa ngokuya ngezinhlobo zokuhlukaniswa.
I-PP ne-PE ingahlanzwa ku-PET ngamanzi, futhi i-PP, i-PE, i-PS, i-PA, ne-ABS ingahlanzwa nge-saturated brine.
I-PP, i-PE, i-PS, i-PA, i-ABS, ne-PC ingantanta ngaphandle ngesisombululo samanzi se-calcium chloride esigcwele.I-PVC kuphela enobuningi obufana ne-PET futhi ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa ne-PET ngendlela yokuntanta.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-30-2023